MATENDA A MTIMA: ZOMWE ZIMAYAMBITSA, ZIZINDIKIRO, ZOWOPSA, CHITHANDIZO NDI KUPEWA

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Matenda a mtima amapezeka pomwe magazi amayenda mpaka pamtima atatsekedwa. Ndiye kuti, titha kutanthauzira kuti kufa kwa minofu yamtima chifukwa chakusowa kwa magazi ndipo izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri magazi atatsekereza mtsempha wopatsira minofu ya mtima.

Kutsekeka kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta, cholesterol ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapanga zolembera m'mitsempha ndipo motero zimatseka magazi kuti athane ndikupanga kuundana. Amatchedwanso infarction ya myocardial, matenda amtima ndi ngozi zoopsa zamankhwala zomwe zimafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu ^[1] .

Matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri pamtima, amuna azaka zapakati pa 45 kapena kupitilira apo ndipo azimayi azaka 55 kapena kupitilira apo amakhala ndi vuto la mtima kuposa anyamata ndi atsikana achichepere.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda a Mtima

Mikhalidwe yamtima imayambitsa matenda amtima. Matenda amtima ambiri amayamba chifukwa cha matenda amtima, omwe amatseka mitsempha yamatenda yokhala ndi zikopa zamafuta. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kumatha kuchepa mitsempha yam'mimba ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale matenda amitsempha, omwe ndi omwe amayambitsa matenda amtima ^[ziwiri] .

Matenda amtima amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi mtsempha wamagazi wong'ambika ndipo nthawi zambiri, zachitika chifukwa cha kuphulika kwamitsempha yamagazi ^[3] .

Zizindikiro Za Matenda a Mtima

Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za infarction ya m'myocardial ndi izi ^[4] :

Kupanikizika ndi kukakamira m'chifuwa kapena m'manja zomwe zingafikire kukhosi kwanu

Nseru

Thukuta lozizira

Chizungulire mwadzidzidzi

Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti zizindikilo za vutoli sizofanana kwa munthu aliyense. Ndiye kuti, zizindikilo zimasiyana pamunthu wina ndi mnzake komanso ngakhale matenda amtima wina.

Ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire kumvetsetsa ngati matenda a mtima kapena kupweteka pachifuwa chifukwa anthu ambiri amanyalanyaza zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a mtima poganiza kuti sizopweteka pachifuwa ^[5] .

Malinga ndi akatswiri azachipatala, zizindikiro zoyambirira zamatenda a mtima siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa chifukwa zoyambitsa matenda amtima zimachitika mwa 50 peresenti ya anthu onse omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima. Kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira kumatha kuthandiza kupeza chithandizo mwachangu, poteteza kuwonongeka kwa mtima chifukwa 85% ya kuwonongeka kwa mtima kumachitika m'maola awiri oyamba mutadwala mtima ^[6] .

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zamatenda amtima

Kupweteka m'mapewa anu, khosi, ndi nsagwada ^[7]
Kupweteka pang'ono kapena kusowa pachifuwa komwe kumatha kubwera
Kutuluka thukuta
Kuda nkhawa kwambiri kapena kusokonezeka
Nseru kapena kusanza
Kukomoka
Kupuma
Kupepuka

Kumvetsetsa zizindikilo za matenda amtima ndikofunikira chifukwa zimathandiza kupeza chithandizo choyenera panthawi yoyenera. Zotsatira zake, zizindikirazo zimasiyana mwa amuna ndi akazi. Tiyeni tiwone zosiyana, kuti zitha kukuthandizani komanso okondedwa anu.

Zizindikiro za matenda amtima mwa amuna

Malinga ndi akatswiri azachipatala, amuna amakhala ndi chiopsezo poyerekeza ndi akazi. Chifukwa cha kafukufuku masauzande ambiri, ofufuza adatha kumvetsetsa zizindikiritso zamatenda amtima zomwe zimafotokoza amuna ^[8] .

Kugunda kwamtima mwachangu kapena mosasinthasintha
Thukuta lozizira
Chizungulire
Kupuma pang'ono, komwe kungakupangitseni kumva ngati kuti simungapeze mpweya wokwanira (ngakhale kupumula)
Kusokonezeka m'mimba
Zowawa kapena zovuta m'thupi lapamwamba (mikono, phewa lamanzere, kumbuyo, khosi, nsagwada, kapena m'mimba)
Kumverera kolemera pachifuwa panu, komwe kumabwera ndikupita

Zizindikiro za matenda a mtima mwa amayi

Kafukufuku adatha kusonkhanitsa kumvetsetsa kuti zizindikiritso zamatenda amtima mwa amayi ndizosiyana ndi azimayi. Zizindikirozi zatchulidwa pansipa ^[9] .

Kudzimbidwa kapena kupweteka ngati gasi
Kupweteka pamapewa
Kumva kupweteka kwakumbuyo
Kupweteka kwa pakhosi
Kupuma pang'ono
Kuda nkhawa
Kusokonezeka tulo
Kupepuka
Kutopa kwachilendo komwe kumatha masiku angapo kapena kutopa mwadzidzidzi

Mwa amayi azaka zopitilira 50, chiopsezo chodwala matenda amtima chimawonjezeka chifukwa nthawi imeneyi ndimomwe thupi la akazi limasinthira pakutha msambo. Izi ndichifukwa choti hormone estrogen yomwe imathandiza kuteteza mtima wanu kugwa panthawi yakutha - potero kumawonjezera ngozi ^[10] .

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimanenedwa makamaka mwa azimayi opitilira 50 ndi izi ^{[khumi ndi chimodzi]} :

Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa
Kugunda kwamtima mwachangu kapena mosasinthasintha
Kutuluka thukuta
Zowawa kapena kusapeza m'manja amodzi kapena kumbuyo, kumbuyo, khosi, nsagwada, kapena m'mimba

Zowopsa Zowopsa Kwa Mtima

Zinthu zina zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chodwala matenda a mtima ndipo ndi izi ^[12] :

Zaka
Kunenepa kwambiri
Fodya
Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi kapena milingo ya triglyceride
Kuthamanga kwa magazi
Matenda a shuga
Kupsinjika
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Kusachita zolimbitsa thupi
Matenda amadzimadzi
Mbiri yakubadwa kwa matenda amtima
Mkhalidwe wokhazikika
Mbiri ya preeclampsia

Zovuta Za Matenda a Mtima

Matenda amtima atha kubweretsa mikhalidwe yosazolowereka ya mtima (arrhythmias), kulephera kwa mtima (kuukira kumatha kuwononga minofu yamtima yomwe minofu yotsala ya mtima siyigwira ntchito) ndi kumangidwa kwamtima kwadzidzidzi ^[13] .

Kuzindikira Kwa Matenda a Mtima

Dokotala amamuyesa ndikuwunika mbiri yakuchipatala. Electrococardiogram (ECG) idzachitika kuti iwunikire momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito mumtima mwanu.

Kupatula izi, zitsanzo zamagazi zidzapezedwa poyesa mayeso kuti aone ngati minofu yawonongeka.

Zina mwa zoyeserera zowonjezera zowunikira ndi izi ^[14] :

Zojambulajambula
X-ray pachifuwa
Corneary catheterisation (angiogram)
Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi
Mtima CT kapena MRI

Kuchiza Kwa Matenda a Mtima

Kutengera ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, adotolo amalimbikitsa mayeso osiyanasiyana.

Choyambirira komanso chofunikira kwambiri ndichopanga catheterisation wamtima pomwe kafukufuku adzaikidwa m'mitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimathandizanso adotolo kuti amvetsetse kuchuluka kwa zolengeza ^{[khumi ndi zisanu]} .

Pakadwala matenda amtima, adotolo amalimbikitsa njira zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa ululu komanso kupewa kuyambika kwa vuto lina la mtima.

Njirazi zimaphatikizapo angioplasty, stent, opaleshoni yodutsa pamtima, opaleshoni ya valve yamtima, pacemaker komanso kumuika mtima ^[16] .

Mankhwala omwe amachiza matenda amtima amaphatikizapo aspirin, antiplatelet ndi anticoagulants (magazi ochepetsa magazi), mankhwala ochotsa kuundana, mankhwala opha ululu, thrombolytics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, statins, nitroglycerin ndi mankhwala a magazi ^[17] .

Matenda a Mtima Osalankhula

Mofananamo ndi vuto lililonse lamtima, matenda amtima mwakachetechete amapezeka popanda zizolowezi zonse. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti munthuyo asazindikire kuti ali ndi vuto.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, 45% ya anthu ku India amakumana ndi matenda amtima chaka chilichonse osadziwa. Matenda amtima mwakachetechete nawonso amawononga mtima wanu ndikukweza chiopsezo chodwala matenda a mtima ^[18] .

Matenda amtima mwakachetechete amapezeka pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso mwa anthu omwe adadwalapo mtima kale.

Zizindikiro zomwe zitha kuwonetsa kudwala kwamtima mwakachetechete ndi izi ^[19] :

Kukula kwa khungu
Kupweteka m'mimba
Kutentha pa chifuwa
Kusokonezeka kwa tulo
Kuchuluka kutopa
Kusapeza pang'ono pachifuwa, nsagwada kapena mikono yomwe imachoka ndikupuma

Kupewa Matenda a Mtima

Kutengera ndikusintha pamoyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku ndi zizolowezi zanu zitha kuthandizira kuthana ndi vutoli ^{[makumi awiri]} .

Pewani kusuta
Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi
Pitirizani kulemera bwino
Idyani a wathanzi lamtima zakudya
Sinthani matenda ashuga
Pewani kupsinjika
Kuchepetsa kumwa mowa
Sungani mafuta anu a cholesterol ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi
Pezani nthawi zonse kuchipatala

Kusamala

Pewani kumwa mapiritsi oletsa kubereka ngati mwadwala matenda a mtima, chifukwa amatha kukulitsa ntchito yotseka magazi mthupi lanu ^{[makumi awiri ndi mphambu imodzi]} .

Onani Zolemba Pazolemba

[1]Pezani nkhaniyi pa intaneti Schilling, R. (2016). Pewani matenda a mtima amenewo.
[ziwiri]Bayrak, D., & Tosun, N. (2018). Kudziwitsa ntchito zaunamwino popewa matenda a mtima komanso kupwetekedwa ndi matenda oopsa. International Journal of Caring Sayansi, 11 (2), 1073.
[3]Huang, C. C., & Liao, P. C. (2016). Matenda a Mtima Amayambitsa Mutu-Mtima-Mtima Cephalalgia. Acta Cardiologica Sinica, 32 (2), 239.
[4]Chau, P.H, Moe, G., Lee, S. Y., Woo, J., Leung, A. Y., Chow, C. M., ... & Zerwic, J. (2018). Kudziwa pang'ono pazizindikiro zamatenda amtima komanso machitidwe osayembekezereka ofunafuna chithandizo pakati pa achi China akale: kafukufuku wofufuza. J Epidemiol Community Thanzi, 72 (7), 645-652.
[5]Bayrak, D., & Tosun, N. (2018). Kudziwitsa ntchito zaunamwino popewa matenda a mtima komanso kupwetekedwa ndi matenda oopsa. International Journal of Caring Sayansi, 11 (2), 1073.
[6]Kitakata, H., Kohno, T., Kohsaka, S., Fujino, J., Nakano, N., Fukuoka, R., ... & Fukuda, K. (2018). Chidaliro cha wodwala chokhudzana ndi kusintha kwachiwiri pamoyo komanso kudziwa 'zizindikiritso zamatenda amtima kutsatira kusintha kwamphamvu ku Japan: kafukufuku wopingasa. BMJ yotseguka, 8 (3), e019119.
[7]Narcisse, M. R., Rowland, B., Long, C. R., Felix, H., & McElfish, P. A. (2019). Matenda a Mtima ndi Zizindikiro za Stroke Kudziwa Amwenye Achimwenye ndi Pacific Island ku United States: Zotsatira za Kafukufuku Wadziko Lonse Wofunsa Mafunso. Ntchito yolimbikitsira azaumoyo, 1524839919845669.
[8]Goff Jr, D. C., Mitchell, P., Finnegan, J., Pandey, D., Bittner, V., Feldman, H., ... & Cooper, L. (2004). Kudziwa zamatenda a mtima m'magulu 20 aku US. Zotsatira zochokera ku Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment Community Trial. Mankhwala oletsa, 38 (1), 85-93.
[9]Arslanian-Engoren, C., Patel, A., Fang, J., Armstrong, D., Kline-Rogers, E., Duvernoy, C. S., & Mphungu, K. A. (2006). Zizindikiro za abambo ndi amai omwe akupereka ma syndromes ovuta. Magazini yaku America yokhudzana ndi matenda a mtima, 98 (9), 1177-1181.
[10]Tullmann, F.F, & Dracup, K. (2005). Kudziwa zodwala kwamtima mwa amuna ndi akazi achikulire omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha infarction yoopsa ya myocardial. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 25 (1), 33-39.
[khumi ndi chimodzi]Finnegan Jr, J. R., Meischke, H., Zapka, J. G., Leviton, L., Meshack, A., Benjamin-Garner, R., ... & Weitzman, E. R. (2000). Wodwala akuchedwa kufunafuna chisamaliro cha zizindikiritso zamatenda a mtima: zomwe zapezeka m'magulu owunikira omwe amachitika m'malo asanu aku US. Mankhwala oletsa, 31 (3), 205-213.
[12]Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., ... & Howard, V. J. (2016). Matenda a mtima ndi ziwerengero za matenda a stroke-2016 amasintha lipoti lochokera ku American Heart Association. Kuzungulira, 133 (4), e38-e48.
[13]Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., ... & Huffman, M. D. (2015). Chidule cha Executive: ziwerengero za matenda amtima ndi sitiroko-2015 update: lipoti lochokera ku American Heart Association. Kuzungulira, 131 (4), 434-441.
[14]Micha, R., Peñalvo, J. L., Cudhea, F., Imamura, F., Rehm, C. D., & Mozaffarian, D. (2017). Mgwirizano wapakati pazakudya ndi kufa kuchokera ku matenda amtima, sitiroko, ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga ku United States. Jama, 317 (9), 912-924.
[khumi ndi zisanu]Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., ... & Howard, V. J. (2016). Chidule cha Executive: matenda a mtima ndi ziwerengero za sitiroko-2016 pomwe: lipoti lochokera ku American Heart Association. Kuzungulira, 133 (4), 447-454.
[16]Feigin, V. L., Roth, G. A., Naghavi, M., Parmar, P., Krishnamurthi, R., Chugh, S., ... & Estep, K. (2016). Kulemera kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwa ziwopsezo ndi ziwopsezo m'maiko 188, nthawi ya 1990-2013: kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kwa Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Neurology, 15 (9), 913-924.
[17]Kyu, H.H, Bachman, V.F, Alexander, L.T, Mumford, J. E., Afshin, A., Estep, K., ... & Cercy, K. (2016). Zochita zakuthupi komanso chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere, khansa ya m'matumbo, matenda ashuga, ischemic mtima, komanso zochitika za sitiroko: kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane ndikuwunika meta-kuyankha kwa meta-kuyankha kwa Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. bmj, 354, i3857.
[18]Strom, T. K., Fox, B., & Reaven, G. (2002). Syndrome X: kuthana ndi wakupha wakachetechete yemwe angakupatseni vuto la mtima. Simon ndi Schuster.
[19]Kannel, W. B. (1986). Chete myocardial ischemia ndi infarction: kuzindikira kochokera ku Phunziro la Framingham. Zipatala za Cardiology, 4 (4), 583-591.
[makumi awiri]Naghavi, M., Falk, E., Hecht, H. S., Jamieson, M. J., Kaul, S., Berman, D., ... & Shaw, L. J. (2006). Kuchokera pachikopa chovutikira kupita kwa wodwala yemwe ali pachiwopsezo-gawo lachitatu: chidule cha Screening for Heart Attack Prevention and Education (SHAPE) Task Force report. Magazini yaku America yokhudzana ndi matenda a mtima, 98 (2), 2-15.
[makumi awiri ndi mphambu imodzi]Kernan, W. N., Ovbiagele, B., Wakuda, H., Bravata, D. M., Chimowitz, M. I., Ezekowitz, M. D., ... & Johnston, S. C. (2014). Malangizo popewa kupwetekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi sitiroko komanso kuperewera kwaposachedwa: chitsogozo cha akatswiri azaumoyo ochokera ku American Heart Association / American Stroke Association. Stroke, 45 (7), 2160-2236.