Ndalama Yapadziko Lonse Pakati Pausiku Usiku 2019: Zomwe Zikupezeka Pakupereka Kwa Maso Ku India

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National Donation Fortnight imachitika chaka chilichonse kuyambira pa 25 Ogasiti mpaka 8 Seputembala. Kampeniyi cholinga chake ndikudziwitsa anthu zakufunika kwa zopereka m'maso ndikulimbikitsa anthu kuti alonjeze zopereka m'thupi.

Malinga ndi malipoti, khungu ladziwika kuti ndilo vuto lalikulu lathanzi m'maiko omwe akutukuka monga India ^[1] .

India Ndi Kunyumba Kwa Anthu Ochuluka Kwambiri Akhungu

Malinga ndi malipoti aposachedwa, akuti pali anthu pafupifupi 6.8 miliyoni omwe ali ndi masomphenya ochepera 6/60 diso limodzi chifukwa cha matenda am'maso ku India. Mwa anthu akhungu padziko lonse lapansi a 37 miliyoni, miliyoni 15 ali ku India ^[ziwiri] . Ndipo kunena, 75% ya milanduyi ndi khungu lopewa - kuwunikira kufunika kwa tsiku la National Eye Donation Mausiku awiri.

Madokotala a maso ndi maso operekedwa kuti athe kuchiza khungu lamatenda afalikira kwambiri mdzikolo omwe ali ndi optometrist 8,000 okha m'malo mwa 40,000 optometrists. Kupatula apo, malipoti akuwonetsa kuti India imafuna maso operekedwa lakh lakhs chaka ndi chaka ndipo angakwanitse kukumana ndi 25,000 ochepa ochokera m'mabanki amaso 109 mdzikolo. Ndipo zokhazokha zokhazokha za 10,000 zimachitika chaka chilichonse chifukwa chakuchepa ^[ziwiri] .

Amwenye 153 miliyoni amafuna magalasi owerengera koma alibe. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu akhungu mdziko muno atha kufanana ndi masukulu ochepa okha a 20 omwe amapanga ma optometrist a 1,000 chaka chilichonse, pomwe anthu 17 miliyoni akuwonjezeka pagulu ^[3] .

Mwa 15 miliyoni, mamiliyoni atatu ndi ana omwe ali ndi vuto la khungu chifukwa cha matenda am'maso.

Ndalama Zamagulu Ku India

Kulembetsa ngati wopereka ziwalo ndikusankha kuthandiza wina mutamwalira ndichinthu chachikulu. Wopereka ziwalo amathandiza anthu kuyambiranso ntchito zawo, monga masomphenya. Mwa kupereka maso atafa, wakhungu wakhungu amayambanso kuwona kudzera mu opaleshoni yotchedwa corneal transplantation, momwe cornea yowonongeka imasinthidwa ndi cornea yathanzi kuchokera kwa wopereka diso ^[4] .

Lamulo la Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994 lidakhazikitsidwa ndi boma la India kuti lithandizire kusintha pazinthu zopereka ziwalo ndi kuziika ku India ^[5] . Ngakhale mayiko osiyanasiyana adatenga ndi kuvomereza ntchitoyi, sipanakhale kutsatira kapena ntchito zomwe zachitika kuti ntchitoyo igwire bwino ntchitoyo. Mayiko monga Tamil Nadu ndi Andhra Pradesh adayesetsa, ndi Tamil Nadu ili ndi zopereka zingapo 302 ndipo Andhra Pradesh ili ndi 150 ^[6] .

Maboma ena omwe adatsata ndi Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan ndi Kerala.

50% Ya Maso Operekedwa Akupita Kuwonongeka

Ndi kuzindikira ndi kufunikira kwakupereka kwa diso kufalikira kuboma, chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zipatala zikukumana nazo ndikupulumutsa maso omwe aperekedwa kuti asawonongeke. Malinga ndi lipoti, zopereka zamaso 52,000 zidachitika ku India kuyambira nthawi ya Epulo 2018 mpaka Marichi 2019. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa ziphuphu mdziko muno kunali 28,000 zokha ^[7] .

Pafupifupi 50% yamakona omwe amasonkhanitsidwa kudzera pamaulendo opereka amaso sanagwiritsidwe ntchito koma kuwonongedwa. Ndipo izi sizinali choncho mdziko limodzi koma mdziko lonselo. Mpweya woperekedwa utha kusungidwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi mpaka 14 ndipo atatha masiku 14, umatayidwa ngati zinyalala chifukwa sungagwiritsidwenso ntchito ^[8] .

Izi ndichifukwa chakusowa kwa mabanki amaso okhala ndi zida zokwanira mdziko muno. India monga dziko lili ndi mabanki amaso okhala ndi zida zochepa komanso madokotala ochita opaleshoni ochepa.

Chifukwa Chake Anthu Akuzengereza Kupereka Maso

Ngakhale m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri mphambu chimodzi ndipo ngakhale kubwera kwa zochitika zosiyanasiyana, anthu akukayikirabe chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro zambiri zolakwika. Zinthu monga kusazindikira, nthano zokhudzana ndi kupereka kwa diso, kusalidwa pachikhalidwe, kusalimbikitsidwa komanso zikhulupiriro zachikhalidwe zimabweretsa zovuta ^[9] .

Kuika diso nthawi zambiri kumachitika pasanathe masiku anayi mutapereka, kutengera njira yotetezera cornea ndikuchotsa opaleshoni ya diso kumachitika pambuyo poti munthu wamwalira motero sikuyimitsa nthawi yamaliro ^[7] .

Kafukufuku waposachedwa yemwe adasanthula malingaliro olakwika okhudzana ndi zopereka m'maso adawonetsa kuti 28% ya anthu 641 omwe amafunsidwa m'mizinda amakhulupirira kuti opereka ziwalo sangalandire chithandizo chilichonse chopulumutsa moyo pomwe 18% amakhulupirira kuti matupi awo adzadulidwa ^[10] .

Mapulogalamu ndi zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana zakhazikitsidwa ndi boma la India ndi zipatala zosiyanasiyana kuti apititse patsogolo zopereka diso mdzikolo ^{[khumi ndi chimodzi]} . Poyerekeza ndi chaka cha 2003, pakhala kusintha kwakukulu pamitengo ya omwe amapereka. Komabe, zida zabwino kwambiri zachipatala ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti zisunge bwino ma corneas omwe aperekedwa.

Kupatula izi, monga nzika ya India, muyenera kulembetsa ngati wopereka ziwalo ^[12] . Aliyense akhoza kukhala wopereka diso (gulu lililonse kapena amuna), odwala matenda ashuga, anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zowonera, odwala omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, odwala mphumu komanso omwe alibe matenda opatsirana amatha kupereka maso. Pitilizani, ndiudindo wanu monga munthu. Lembetsani kulembetsa ngati wopereka ziwalo!

1. [1]Gupta, N., Vashist, P., Ganger, A., Tandon, R., & Gupta, S. K. (2018). Kupereka kwa diso ndi banki yamaso ku India. National Medical Journal of India, 31 (5), 283.
2. [ziwiri]Leasher, J. L., Bourne, R. R., Flaxman, S. R., Jonas, J. B., Keeffe, J., Naidoo, K., ... & Resnikoff, S. (2016). Ziwerengero zapadziko lonse lapansi za kuchuluka kwa anthu akhungu kapena owoneka ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy: kusanthula meta kuyambira 1990 mpaka 2010. Chisamaliro cha matenda ashuga, 39 (9), 1643-1649.
3. [3]Gudlavalleti, V. S. M. (2017). Kukula ndi zochitika zakuthupi mu khungu lotetezedwa mwa ana (ABC) ku India. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 84 (12), 924-929.
4. [4]Vijayalakshmi, P., Sunitha, T. S., Gandhi, S., Thimmaiah, R., & Math, S. B. (2016). Chidziwitso, malingaliro ndi machitidwe a anthu wamba pazopereka zamagulu: malingaliro aku India. Nyuzipepala ya National Medical India, 29 (5), 257.
5. [5]Chakradhar, K., Doshi, D., Reddy, B. S., Kulkarni, S., Reddy, M. P., & Reddy, S. S. (2016). Chidziwitso, malingaliro ndi machitidwe okhudzana ndi zopereka zamagulu pakati pa ophunzira amano aku India. Magazini yapadziko lonse lapansi yothandizira ziwalo, 7 (1), 28.
6. [6]Krishnan, G., & Karanth, S. (2018). 762: Epidemiologic Ndi Clinical Mbiri Ya Odwala Omwe Amwalira Ndi Ubongo Kuti Apereke Ndalama Ku Indian Center. Mankhwala Ovuta Osiyanasiyana, 46 (1), 367.
7. [7]Seth A., Dudeja G., Dhir J., Acharya A., Lal S., Singh Singh B. (2017). Zomwe Zimachitika ndi Kukhudzidwa kwa Fortis Healthcare Limited-New Delhi Televizioni 'Zowonjezerapo Kupereka'Nyengo Yothandizira Kupereka Ndalama Zotayika ku India. Kuika, 101, S76.
8. [8]NDTV. (2017, Novembala 17). 50% Ya Maso Othandizidwa Akupita Kuwononga: Utumiki Waumoyo. Kuchokera ku https://sites.ndtv.com/moretogive/50-donated-eyes-going-waste-health-ministry-798/
9. [9]Farooqui, J. H., Acharya, M., Dave, A., Chaku, D., Das, A., & Mathur, U. (2019). Kudziwitsa ndi kudziwa za zopereka m'maso ndi momwe alangizi amakhudzira: Maganizo aku North Indian. Zolemba pa ophthalmology yapano, 31 (2), 218.
10. [10]Oguego, N., Okoye, O. I., Okoye, O., Uche, N., Aghaji, A., Maduka-Okafor, F., ... & Umeh, R. (2018). Zikhulupiriro zokhudzana ndi thanzi la diso, malingaliro olakwika ndi zowona: zotsatira za kafukufuku wofufuza pakati pa ana asukulu aku Nigeria. Mankhwala Am'banja & Kuwunika Kwambiri, (2), 144-148.
11. [khumi ndi chimodzi]Vidusha, K., & Manjunatha, S. (2015). Kudziwitsa zopereka kwa diso pakati paophunzira zamankhwala kuchipatala chamankhwala apamwamba, Bangalore. Asia Pac J Health Sci, 2 (2), 94-98.
12. [12]Bhatia, S., & Gupta, N. (2017). KUPEREKA Diso: KUMADZIWA KWAKE NDI KUMADZIWA KWAKE PAKATI PA Ophunzira A MITU YA NKHANI KU TRICITY NDI MALO AKE OKUMANA NAWO, INDIA. Zolemba za Kafukufuku Wopitilira Patsogolo ndi Sayansi Yamano, 5 (1), 39.

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