KUSINTHA KWA MIMBA PATHUPI: SABATA NDI SABATA

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Kunyumba Kulera pakati Wobereka Mimba yobereka oi-Shamila Rafat Wolemba Shamila Rafat pa Marichi 7, 2019

Mimba imatha kusintha kwathunthu mzimayi, m'njira zingapo. Kusintha kwamadzimadzi m'thupi kumatha kuchitidwa chifukwa chakusintha kwamaganizidwe amthupi ndi amayi. Thupi la mkazi limasinthika modabwitsa panthawi yapakati. Kusintha kwakuthupi kumeneku kumachitika nthawi yonse yomwe ali ndi pakati - kuyambira pathupi mpaka nthawi yobereka. Thupi la mkazi limayamba kukonzekera kuyambira nthawi yobereka mwanayo, ndikupitilizabe kusintha moyenera.

Kusintha kwamaganizidwe, monga kusinthasintha kwa malingaliro komanso kukhumudwa, kumatha kukhala kovuta kwa mayi, makamaka kwa mayi woyamba. Kusintha kwakuthupi kumafunanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa mayi. Ngakhale kusintha kowonekera kwambiri kwa mayi aliyense amene wanyamula mwana ndikulemera pang'onopang'ono, palinso kukulira m'chiuno ndikudzikundikira mafuta m'chiuno, ntchafu ndi matako.

Kusintha kwina kwakuthupi kwa mkazi kumachitika m'mabere ake. Pamodzi ndi kukula pakukula, mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe a mabere amasinthanso.

Ngakhale kusintha kwakukulu pamabere ndikukula kwakukula momwe mabere amadzikonzekeretsera kudyetsa wakhanda, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zikuchitika ndi mabere omwe amabweretsa kusintha. Kusintha kumeneku sikuchitika mwadzidzidzi ndipo kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, kufalikira kwa miyezi isanu ndi inayi yonse ya bere, ndikusinthaku kumapitilizabe mwana akangobadwa.

Pakati pa mimba, mabere amasintha mofulumira, zosintha zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ena - progesterone, estrogen komanso prolactin ^[1] - m'thupi. Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, thupi limakonzekereranso cholumikizira chokwanira mwana m'mimba.

Kusintha Kwa Mimba Pathupi

Pakati pa mimba, thupi la mayi limasintha kwambiri lomwe lingatchulidwe kuti mahomoni, kagayidwe kachakudya ndi chitetezo chamthupi. ^[ziwiri] Ngakhale zosinthazi zilipo kunja komanso mkati, mabere odziwika kwambiri omwe ali ndi pakati ndi awa:

1. Zilonda, kusintha kotchuka kwambiri kwa zonsezi, kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa estrogen ndi progesterone.

2. Kulemera, komwe kumawonekera kuyambira sabata la 6 la mimba.

3. Kuchuluka kwa voliyumu, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ngakhale kuti palibe mimba ziwiri zomwe zimafanana ndendende m'mbali zonse, kuchuluka kwa mawere kukukulira pafupifupi 96 ml [3] pafupifupi.

4. Kuonekera poyera, kuchuluka kwa magazi m'mitsempha kumapangitsa kuti mitsempha iwoneke yakuda, ndikupereka chithunzi cha bere lotseguka.

5. Mimbulu ndi ma isola amakula [4] ndikusinthanso mawonekedwe.

6. Mimbulu ndi ma isola amada mdima.

7. Kumva kutengeka m'mabere.

8. Ziphuphu ndi ziphuphu, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotupa kapena zotupa.

9. Kutayikira, colostrum imayamba kutuluka mozungulira sabata la 16

10 ..

11. Timabamputi ta Montgomery, timene timakhala ngati timatumba tating'onoting'ono tomwe timazungulira msonga zake zomwe zimatulutsa sebum kuteteza matenda pakhungu.

12. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa mawere komwe kumawoneka kumapeto kwa nthawi yolera, kupweteka, kumachitika pamene mabere amakhala odzaza ndi mkaka kwa mwana.

13. Kugwedezeka kwa mabere nthawi zambiri kumawoneka kumapeto kwa mimba, ndipo kupunduka kumapitilizabe pambuyo pobereka mwana.

14. Zizindikiro zotambasula zimayambitsidwa chifukwa bere limakula kwambiri.

Ngakhale zomwe zatchulidwazi ndizosintha m'mawere zomwe zimapezeka magawo osiyanasiyana akakhala ndi pakati, tiyeni tiwunike zosinthazo momwe zimawonekera.

Werenganinso: Mafunso asanu oti mufunse posankhidwa koyamba kwa OB

Sabata Sabata Ndi Kusanthula Kwa Zosintha M'chifuwa

Kafukufuku adachitidwa kuti atsimikizire ngati kukula kwa mawere pamodzi ndi kusintha kwa asymmetry (FA) pakati pa mabere awiri ndi kusintha kwina kwa mammary kumayenderana ndi kugonana kwa mwana m'mimba. Pambuyo pofufuza kafukufuku yemwe wachitika, zawoneka kuti azimayi omwe amafotokoza zakukula kwakukula kwa bere lawo panthawi yoyembekezera amakhala atatenga mwana wamwamuna wamwamuna. ^[5] .

Komabe, kusintha komwe kumachitika m'mawere panthawi yoyembekezera kumachitika pang'onopang'ono komanso mwadongosolo.

Sabata 1 mpaka sabata la 4

M'mimba, iyi ndi gawo la dzira lotsatira ndi dzira. Kusintha koyamba pamabere ndikukula kwa masamba ofufumitsa ndi mkaka. Kukula kumeneku kumafika pachimake sabata yachiwiri pamene dzira limakumana ndi umuna. Sabata lachitatu ndilofunika kwambiri chifukwa kukoma mtima, komwe kumadziwika kuti ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira za mimba, kumawonekera kwambiri kwa mayi wapakati. Kuzindikira kuzungulira mawere kungamveke sabata yachinayi. Kuzindikira uku kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magazi m'mawere.

Nthawi imeneyi ndipamene maselo oberekera mkaka amaberekana mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabere azimva kubowola kapena kumva kuwawa.

Sabata 5 mpaka sabata la 8

Zosintha zingapo zimachitika m'mabere pakati pa masabata 5 mpaka 8 a mimba. Mahomoni omwe amatchedwa ma placo lactogens amayamba kuyanjana ndi mabere. Zosintha zazikulu zimachitika mgulu la mabere kuti athe kuwongolera mkaka pambuyo pake. Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe pafupifupi azimayi onse amafotokoza zakumva kukhala ndi chidzalo m'mabere awo limodzi ndi kulemera kwakukulu pamene ngalande zamkaka zimayamba kutupa.

Malo owoneka bwino kapena ozungulira akhungu lililonse, amayamba kukhala akuda kwambiri panthawiyi. Mdima uwu umathandiza mwana wakhanda kuti apeze bere mosavuta. Komanso mawere ayamba kutuluka. Kusintha konseku kunanenedwa mu sabata lachisanu ndi lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Ndi sabata la chisanu ndi chiwiri pomwe bere limakulitsa kulemera kwake mpaka magalamu 650 mbali iliyonse.

Sabata eyiti ndiyofunikira pakuwonekera kwa ma tubercles a Montgomery ndi 'marbling'. Zilonda za Montgomery, kuyambira pakati pa ochepa mpaka 28, ndizophulika ngati zotumphukira zomwe zimawonekera pamabwalo amadzi, zotulutsa zotulutsa mafuta kuti mawere azikhala ofewetsa komanso otetezeka kumatenda. Marbling ndikukula kwa mitsempha yomwe ili pansi pa bere.

Sabata 9 mpaka sabata la 12

Kusintha kwakukulu munthawiyi ndikumdima ndikukula kwa kukula kwa areola. Ino ndi nthawi yomwe ma areola achiwiri amakula ndipo amatha kuwoneka ngati minofu yowala mozungulira mdima wakuda, nthawi zambiri samawoneka pakati pa azimayi omwe ali ndi khungu lowala. Monga sabata la 10, kukula kwakukulu m'mawere kumachitika, ino ndiye nthawi yabwino kwambiri kuti mayi apeze bra watsopano. Kutsekemera kwa mawere kumawonekera kumapeto kwa sabata la khumi ndi awiri la mimba. Ngakhale amawonekera kwambiri mwa amayi omwe amakhala oyamba kubadwa, ma inversion inversion amawongolera okha pamene mimba ikupita.

Sabata 13 mpaka sabata la 16

Masabata a 13 ndi 14 ndiofunikira pakukula kwakukulu kwa magazi. Ma areola amayamba kuwoneka amamawangamawanga kuposa kale. Pofika sabata la 16, kukoma mtima kwa m'mawere kumatha. Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe kamadzimadzi kamene kamatuluka m'mabere. Amatchulidwanso kuti colostrum, imadzaza ndi michere yofunikira komanso mphamvu yolimbana ndi khanda. Nthawi zina, madontho a magazi amathanso kuwoneka akutuluka kuchokera kunsonga. Ngakhale zimachitika kawirikawiri, adokotala amatha kufunsa ngati pakufunika kuwunika.

Sabata 16 mpaka sabata 20

Ino ndi nthawi yomwe mabampu osapeweka ndi zotambasula zimawonekera. Mafuta akakhala m'mabere mozungulira sabata la 18 la mimba, zotupa - fibroadenomas, galactoceles, cysts - zimawonekera pamabere. Izi ziphuphu nthawi zambiri sizikhala za khansa ndipo palibe chodandaula nacho.

Khungu likatambasulidwa mosafunikira chifukwa chakukula kwa mawere, zotambasula zimawonekera pamabere, makamaka pansi.

Sabata 21 mpaka sabata la 24

Mabere ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu panthawiyi. Popeza kuchuluka kwamafuta kumapangitsa thukuta thukuta kwambiri, ma bras ovala panthawiyi ayenera kukhala opangidwa ndi thonje. Kuti magazi asayende bwino, ma bras a underwire salangizidwa kuti avale panthawiyi.

Sabata 25 mpaka sabata la 28

Munthawi imeneyi, pofika sabata la 26, mawere amakhala atadzaza kwambiri ndipo amawoneka ooneka mopepuka mwa azimayi ena. Ngakhale sizowona kwa mayi aliyense wapakati, mwa amayi ambiri colostrum nthawi zambiri amabisidwa. Pofika sabata la 27, mabere amakhala okonzeka kuti apange mkaka. Mahomoni otchedwa progesterone amalepheretsa mkaka mpaka nthawi yomwe mwana amabadwa. Sabata la 28 la mimba limabweretsa zosintha zingapo, monga - kuthamanga kwa magazi kumawonjezeka, malo ozungulira nsonga zamdima, timiyendo ta mkaka timayamba kuchepa ndipo mitsempha yamagazi pansi pa khungu imawonekera kwambiri ndi maso.

Sabata 29 mpaka sabata 32

Kusintha kotchuka kwambiri m'mawere mozungulira sabata la 30 ndikuwonekera kwa thukuta. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndi nembanemba ya mucous chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magazi mpaka mawere. Kutupa thukuta sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa ndikuchitidwa moyenera kuti muteteze matenda ena. Kugwiritsa ntchito sopo pachifuwa kuyenera kupewedwa kuyambira sabata la 32 la mimba chifukwa ziphuphu zonga ziphuphu kuzungulira mawere zimapanga kale sebum yokwanira kuti khungu lizisungunuka bwino. Nthawi yapakati pa masabata 29 mpaka 32 ndiyonso pamene matambasula ayamba kuwonekera kwambiri.

Sabata 33 mpaka sabata 36

Tsopano, pafupifupi mwa azimayi onse, kuchuluka kwa colostrum kumayambanso kubisalira mawere. Amabele ndi otchuka kwambiri kuposa kale. Sabata 36 mwina ndi nthawi yabwino kugula botolo la unamwino, podziwa kuti mawere adzadzaza mkaka ukangoyamba kumene ndipo pang'onopang'ono ubwerere mwakale.

Sabata 37 mpaka sabata 40

Gawo lomaliza la mimba - ndiye kuti, pakati pa masabata 37 mpaka 40 - colostrum amasintha utoto kuchokera kumadzi achikasu kukhala madzi opanda utoto komanso otumbululuka. Mabere ali okhwima mokwanira kuti ayamwitse mwanayo. Kusamalira mabere ndi dzanja kumabweretsa chinsinsi cha oxytocin, mahomoni omwe amachititsa kuti muchepetse.

Ngakhale kapangidwe ka zotupa m'mabere ndizofala pathupi pomwe mimba ili ndi zotupa zambiri, pamakhala mwayi woti zotumphuka ngati khansa. Ngakhale ndizosowa (pafupifupi 1 mu 3,000) ^[6] , pali mwayi woti mayi wapakati atenga khansa ya m'mawere yokhudzana ndi mimba.

Onani Zolemba Pazolemba

[1]Yu, J. H., Kim, M. J., Cho, H., Liu, H. J., Han, S. J., & Ahn, T. G. (2013). Matenda a m'mawere ali ndi pakati komanso mukuyamwitsa. Sayansi yoletsa kubereka & matenda achikazi, 56 (3), 143-159.
[ziwiri]Motosko, C. C., Bieber, A. K., Pomeranz, M.K, Stein, J. A., & Martires, K. J. (2017). Physiologic kusintha kwa mimba: Kuwunikiranso zolembedwazo. Magazini yapadziko lonse lapansi yazimayi, 3 (4), 219-224.
[3]Bayer, C. M., Bani, M. R., Schneider, M., Dammer, U., Raabe, E., Haeberle, L., ... & Schulz-Wendtland, R. (2014). Kuunika kwa kuchuluka kwa mawere kumasintha nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira pamitundu itatu mukafukufuku wa CGATE. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 23 (3), 151-157.
[4]Thanaboonyawat, I., Chanprapaph, P., Lattalapkul, J., & Rongluen, S. (2013). Woyendetsa ndege kuphunzira kukula bwino nsonga zamabele pa mimba. Zolemba pa Lactation ya Anthu, 29 (4), 480-483.
[5]Żelaźniewicz, A., & Pawłowski, B. (2015). Kukula kwa m'mawere ndi asymmetry panthawi yoyembekezera kutengera kugonana kwa mwana wosabadwa. American Journal of Human Biology, 27 (5), 690-696.
[6]Beyer, I., Mutschler, N., Blum, K. S., & Mohrmann, S. (2015). Zilonda Zam'mimba Pathupi - Vuto Lakuzindikira: Mlanduwu. Kusamalira mawere (Basel, Switzerland), 10 (3), 207-210.