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Matenda a coronavirus (COVID-19) ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha ma coronaviruses, banja la ma virus lomwe limayambitsanso matenda opuma kwambiri (SARS). Onse a COVID-19 ndi SARS amayambitsidwa ndimatenda a ma coronaviruses omwe adayambitsa SARS, yotchedwa SARS-CoV mu 2003 ndipo pano ikupangitsa matenda a coronavirus, otchedwa SARS-CoV-2.
Pa 11 February 2020, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) idatcha buku la coronavirus - SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Dzinali linaperekedwa chifukwa kachilomboka kamakhudzana ndi kachilomboka kamene kamayambitsa matenda a SARS mu 2003.
Munkhaniyi, tifotokoza kufanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa COVID-19 ndi SARS.
Kodi Coronavirus ndi chiyani?
Ma Coronaviruses ndi banja la ma virus omwe ali ndi zotumphukira ngati mawonekedwe awo omwe amawoneka ngati korona. Corona amatanthauza 'korona' m'Chilatini ndipo ndi momwe kachilomboka kanatchulidwira.
COVID-19 ndi matenda wachitatu odziwika bwino a zoonotic coronavirus pambuyo pa matenda oopsa a kupuma (SARS) ndi Middle East kupuma matenda (MERS) [1] .
Mtundu watsopano wa coronavirus umatha kuoneka nyama yonyamula ma coronavirus itayamba kuthekera kofalitsa matenda kwa anthu ndipo izi zimatchedwa zoonotic transmission.
Kafukufuku adawonetsa kuti SARS-CoV-2 inali kachilombo ka chimeric pakati pa bat coronavirus ndi coronavirus yosadziwika. Ofufuzawo adapeza kuti unyolo wofalitsa udayamba kuchokera ku mileme kupita kwa anthu [1] .
Zizindikiro Za Matenda a Coronavirus
Zizindikiro zake ndi malungo, kutsokomola, kupuma movutikira, kutopa, kutuluka mphuno, mutu, kupweteka kwa thupi, zilonda zapakhosi, kutsegula m'mimba ndi mseru.
Kutumiza Matenda a Coronavirus
Anthu atha kutenga COVID-19 kuchokera kwa munthu wina yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Matendawa amafalikira mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu wina kudzera m'madontho ang'onoang'ono amadzi kuchokera mphuno kapena mkamwa pamene wodwala ali ndi chifuwa kapena ayetsemula.
Kuchuluka kwa ma virus kumawoneka kuti ndipamwamba kwambiri pakhosi ndi m'mphuno mwa anthu omwe ali ndi COVID-19 [ziwiri] .
Kodi Matenda Ovuta Kupuma Kwambiri (SARS) ndi Chiyani?
Matenda owopsa a kupuma (SARS) ndi coronavirus yomwe idapangitsa kuti SARS iphulike mu 2002-2003. Kachilombo ka SARS kamadutsa kuchokera ku mileme kupita ku nyama yapakatikati, katsamba, isanapitilire kwa anthu [3] .
Zizindikiro Za SARS
SARS imayambitsa zizindikiro monga kupuma pang'ono, malungo, chifuwa, malaise, kupweteka kwa thupi, mutu, kuzizira komanso kutsegula m'mimba.
Kutumiza Kwa SARS
Kutumiza kwa SARS kumachitika makamaka kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu. SARS-CoV imafalikira kudzera m'malo opumira pomwe munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo akutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula.
Zinthu Za Maselo A COVID-19 Ndi SARS-CoV
Kafukufuku adapeza chidziwitso chathunthu (genome) cha SARS-CoV-2 chomwe chikuwonetsa kuti chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma ARV ngati ma coronaviruses a bat, SL-CoVZC45 ndi bat-SL-CoVZXC21, koma anali kutali kwambiri ndi SARS-CoV (pafupifupi 79%) ndi MERS-CoV (pafupifupi 50%) [4] .
Kulandila Kovomerezeka Kwa COVID-19 Ndi SARS-CoV
Malo olandirira cholandirira amayerekezeredwanso ndi SARS-CoV-2 ndi SARS-CoV. Virasi ikalowa m'thupi la munthu, imayenera kuyanjana ndi mapuloteni omwe ali pakhungu (zolandilira) ndipo kachilomboka kamachita izi kudzera m'mapuloteni omwewo.
Coronavirus imalowa m'maselo omwe amalumikizidwa ndi transmembrane spike (S) glycoprotein omwe amapanga ma homotrimers omwe amatuluka kuchokera kumtunda. Glycoprotein iyi ndiyomwe imamangiriza yolandirira maselo.
Kafukufuku adawonetsa kuti onse a SARS-CoV-2 ndi SARS-CoV amamangiriza kulandila cell yolandirana mwamphamvu chimodzimodzi ndipo kulimba kwake kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri mu SARS-CoV-2. Ichi ndichifukwa chake SARS-CoV-2 ikuwoneka kuti ikufalikira mosavuta kuposa SARS-CoV [5] .
Kumaliza ...
COVID-19 ndi SARS zonse zimayambitsidwa ndi ma coronaviruses omwe amachokera ku mileme asanapatsidwe kwa anthu ndi gulu lapakati. Pali zosiyana ndi kufanana pakati pa COVID-19 ndi SARS.
