Kunenepa Kwambiri: Mitundu, Zomwe Zimayambitsa, Zizindikiro, Zovuta Ndi Chithandizo

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Kunenepa kwambiri ndiko mafuta owonjezera amthupi. Ku India, kunenepa kwambiri kwakhala mliri ndipo 5% yadziko lino ikukhudzidwa. Nkhani sikuti imangokhala yodzikongoletsa koma yomwe ingakulitse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda ena komanso mavuto ena azaumoyo.

Kunenepa kwambiri kumatanthauzidwa kukhala ndi cholozera cha thupi (BMI) cha 30 kapena kupitilira apo. BMI imawerengedwa potengera kutalika ndi kulemera kwa munthu. Zinthu zina monga zaka, kugonana, mtundu, ndi minofu ya munthu zimatha kukhudza kulumikizana kwamafuta amthupi ndi BMI. Komabe, BMI ndiye chizindikiritso chazomwe zimalemera kwambiri ^{[1] [ziwiri]} .

Kuti mudziwe BMI yanu, muyenera kugawa kulemera kwanu mu kilogalamu ndi kutalika kwanu mu mita yolowa (BMI = kg / m2).

Onani BMI yanu apa.

Mitundu Ya Kunenepa Kwambiri

Pali magawo angapo a kunenepa kwambiri. Vutoli limasiyanitsidwa kutengera dera lamafuta, kuphatikiza matenda ena komanso kukula ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta amafuta ^[3] .

Kutengera kulumikizana ndi matenda ena, kunenepa kwambiri kumagawika m'magulu awiri ndipo ndi awa:

• Mtundu-1 wonenepa kwambiri: Mtundu wonenepa kwambiriwu umayamba chifukwa chodya kwambiri ma calories komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Mtundu-2 wonenepa kwambiri: Zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda monga hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian matenda, ndi insulinoma etc. Type-2 kunenepa kwambiri ndikosowa ndipo imagwirizana ndi 1% yokha ya milandu yonse ya kunenepa kwambiri. Munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri kwa mtundu wa 2 amayamba kulemera kwambiri ngakhale atangodya pang'ono.

Kutengera ndi gawo lamafuta, kunenepa kumagawika m'magulu atatu ndipo ali motere ^[4] :

• Kunenepa kwambiri Mtundu wonenepa kwambiriwu ndi pamene kudzikundikira kwamafuta ochulukirapo kumakhala m'chiuno, matako ndi ntchafu.
• Kunenepa kwambiri: Mtundu wonenepa kwambiriwu ndi pamene kuchuluka kwa mafuta ochulukirapo kumakhala pakati pamimba.
• Kuphatikiza kwa onse awiri

Kutengera kukula ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta amafuta, kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri ndipo ndi komwe ^[4] :

• Kunenepa kwambiri: Mu mtundu wonenepa kwambiriwu, kukula kwama cell amafuta okha kumawonjezeka ndikukula msinkhu wapakatikati.
• Kunenepa kwambiri kwamwana: Mmenemo, kuchuluka kwa maselo amafuta kumachulukirachulukira chifukwa kumakhala kovuta kuchepetsedwa.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kunenepa Kwambiri

Kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumayambitsidwa chifukwa chamakhalidwe, chibadwa, kagayidwe kake ndi mahomoni okhudzana ndi kulemera kwa thupi, ndikudya kalori chifukwa chachikulu. Ndiye kuti, kudya ma calories ambiri kuposa momwe mumawotchera pochita tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri ^[5] .

Zomwe zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri ndi izi:

• Kusadya bwino zakudya zamafuta ambiri komanso zopatsa mphamvu
• Kukalamba chifukwa cha ukalamba kumatha kuchepa minofu ndikuchepetsa kagayidwe kake
• Kusagona, komwe kumatha kubweretsa kusintha kwama mahomoni komwe kumakupangitsani kumva kuti muli ndi njala komanso kulakalaka zakudya zamafuta ambiri
• Kukhala chete
• Chibadwa
• Mimba

Kupatula izi, matenda ena amathanso kubweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, monga izi ^[6] :

• Hypothyroidism (chithokomiro chosagwira ntchito)
• Matenda a Cushing
• Matenda a Polycystic ovary (PCOS)
• Matenda a Prader-Willi
• Nyamakazi

Zizindikiro Za Kunenepa Kwambiri

Chizindikiro choyamba cha kunenepa kwambiri chikuwonjezeka kuposa thupi. Kupatula apo, zizindikiro za kunenepa kwambiri ndi izi ^[7] :

• Kugonana
• Miyala
• Nyamakazi
• Kuvuta kugona
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Mitsempha ya Varicose
• Mavuto akhungu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chinyezi

Zowopsa Zowopsa Kwambiri

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kusakaniza chibadwa, chilengedwe, ndi malingaliro zimathandizira kwambiri pakuchulukitsa chiwopsezo cha munthu kukhala wonenepa kwambiri ^[8] .

• Chibadwa kapena cholowa cham'banja (mwachitsanzo, majini omwe mumalandira kuchokera kwa makolo anu angakhudze kuchuluka kwamafuta amthupi omwe amasungidwa ndikugawidwa mthupi lanu).
• Zosankha pamoyo wanu monga zakudya zopanda thanzi, zakumwa zamafuta ambiri, kusowa kwa zinthu zina.
• Matenda ena (monga Prader-Willi syndrome, Cushing syndrome etc.)
• Mankhwala monga mankhwala oletsa kulanda, mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, mankhwala a shuga, mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ndi zina.
• Anzanu ndi banja (ngati mumakulitsa anthu owazungulira, mwayi wokhala onenepa ukuwonjezeka)
• Zaka
• Mimba
• Kusuta
• Microbiome (m'matumbo mabakiteriya)
• Kusowa tulo
• Kupsinjika
• Ine-ine kuyerekezera

Zovuta Za Kunenepa Kwambiri

Anthu omwe ali onenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zamatenda osiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri mthupi lawo.

Zovuta zazikulu ndi izi ^{[9] [10]} :

• Type 2 matenda ashuga
• Matenda a mtima
• Khansa ina (ovary, bere, khomo pachibelekeropo, chiberekero, kholoni, rectum, chiwindi, ndulu, impso, prostate etc.)
• Cholesterol wokwera
• Matenda a gallbladder
• Sitiroko
• Mavuto azimayi komanso kugonana
• Mavuto am'mimba

Kupatula izi, kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kusokoneza moyo wamunthu. Kukhumudwa, kudzipatula pagulu, olumala, kuchita ntchito zochepa, manyazi ndi zina mwanjira zina kunenepa kwambiri kumakhudzira moyo wamunthu ^[10] .

Kuzindikira Kwa Kunenepa Kwambiri

Dokotala amayamba ndikuwunika ndikulimbikitsa mayeso kuti amvetsetse kuopsa kwa vutoli ^{[khumi ndi chimodzi]} .

• Kufufuza mbiri yakale
• Kuyezetsa thupi kwathunthu
• Kuwerengera kwa BMI
• Kuzungulira kwa chiuno kumvetsetsa magawidwe amafuta amthupi kumaphatikizira makulidwe akhungu, kuyerekezera m'chiuno mpaka m'chiuno
• Kuyesa magazi
• Kuyesa kuyesa monga ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), ndi maginito opanga maginito (MRI)

Chithandizo Cha Kunenepa Kwambiri

Cholinga cha chithandizo cha kunenepa kwambiri ndikuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino ndikukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino. Mankhwalawa amathandizidwa kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chazaumoyo.

• Kusintha kwa zakudya: Gawo loyamba komanso lofunikira kwambiri lochiza kunenepa kwambiri ndikusintha kwa zakudya. Kuchepetsa zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kudya bwino ndikofunikira. Chifukwa chake yambani kudula ma calories, kudya magawo akulu azakudya zomwe zili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa (monga masamba ndi zipatso), kudya zakudya zopangidwa ndi mbewu, monga zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ndi chakudya chambewu. Pewani kumwa zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri kapena zakudya zamafuta ambiri ^[12] .
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Kuchulukitsa zochitika zanu zakuthupi ndi gawo lofunikira pakuthandizira kunenepa kwambiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri ayenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi 150 pa sabata. Ndi kothandiza komanso kothandiza kusankha masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amathandiza kuwotcha mafuta. Kusintha kosavuta monga kukwera masitepe m'malo mwa chikepe, kulima, kuyenda pang'ono m'malo motenga galimoto yanu kumatha kukuthandizani ^[13] .
• Kusintha kwamakhalidwe: Mapulogalamu osinthira machitidwe angakuthandizeni kusintha moyo wanu ndikukulimbikitsani kuti muchepetse kunenepa. Amatchedwanso mankhwala othandizira, atha kukuthandizani kuti mumvetsetse bwino zizolowezi zanu ndikugwira ntchito moyenera kuti muchepetse kunenepa. Kupita kukalandira upangiri ndi magulu othandizira kungakhale kopindulitsa ^[14] .
• Mankhwala: Kupatula machitidwe olimbitsa thupi komanso zizolowezi zakudya, mankhwala ochepetsa kunenepa ndi njira yothandiziranso kunenepa kwambiri. Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni mankhwala ochepetsa thupi ngati mapulogalamu ena azakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi alibe ntchito. Mankhwalawa adzaperekedwa malinga ndi mbiri yaumoyo wanu, komanso zoyipa zomwe zingachitike.
• Opaleshoni: Nthawi zambiri opaleshoni imachitika kokha ngati munthu wonenepa kwambiri. Kwa milandu yoopsa, madokotala amasankha opaleshoni yochepetsa thupi, yotchedwanso opaleshoni ya bariatric. Kuchita maopaleshoni kumeneku kumathandiza kuchepetsa magwiritsidwe anu (ndi) kapena kumachepetsa kuyamwa kwa chakudya ndi zopatsa mphamvu. Ena mwa maopareshoni ochepetsa kuchepa thupi amaphatikizapo opaleshoni yopita m'mimba, kusintha kwa m'mimba, kusintha kwa biliopancreatic ndikusintha kwam'mimba ndi malaya am'mimba ^{[khumi ndi zisanu] [16]} .

Pamapeto pake ...

Kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kupewedwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa moyo wanu komanso kusankha zakudya zabwino, mutha kudzithandiza kuti muchepetse. Osanyalanyaza (kuyatsa) kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi zosachepera 20-30, idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi monga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndikupewa kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri.

Zithunzi za Sharan Jayanth

1. [1]Ranjani, H., Mehreen, T. S., Pradeepa, R., Anjana, R. M., Garg, R., Anand, K., & Mohan, V. (2016). Epidemiology yaubwana kunenepa kwambiri & kunenepa kwambiri ku India: Kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane. Magazini aku India ofufuza zamankhwala, 143 (2), 160.
2. [ziwiri]Kutsutsana, J. P., Thakur, J. S., Jeet, G., Chawla, S., Jain, S., & Prasad, R. (2016). Kusiyana kwamatauni ndi akumidzi pankhani yazakudya, zolimbitsa thupi komanso kunenepa kwambiri ku India: kodi tikuwona kufanana kwakukulu ku India? Zotsatira zakufufuza kwapadera kwa STEPS. BMC Zaumoyo Pagulu, 16 (1), 816.
3. [3]Filatova, O., Polovinkin, S., Baklanova, E., Plyasova, I., & Burtsev, Y. (2018). Malamulo oyendetsera akazi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kunenepa kwambiri. Chiyukireniya Journal of Ecology, 8 (2), 371-379.
4. [4]Gilmartin, S., Maclean, J., & Edwards, J. (2019). Mitundu yamthupi kutsatira opaleshoni ya kunenepa kwambiri ndikubwezeretsanso khungu: kuwunika kwachiwiri. Zolemba za Opaleshoni ndi Kafukufuku Wopanga Opaleshoni, 5 (1), 036-042.
5. [5]Allender, S., Owen, B., Kuhlberg, J., Lowe, J., Nagorcka-Smith, P., Whelan, J., & Bell, C. (2015). Chithunzi chojambulidwa pagulu cha kunenepa kwambiri kumayambitsa. PloS imodzi, 10 (7), e0129683.
6. [6]Sahoo, K., Sahoo, B., Choudhury, A. K., Sofi, N. Y., Kumar, R., & Bhadoria, A. S. (2015). Kunenepa kwambiri paubwana: zoyambitsa ndi zotsatirapo zake. Zolemba pa zamankhwala azachipatala komanso chisamaliro choyambirira, 4 (2), 187.
7. [7]Delgado, I., Huet, L., Dexpert, S., Beau, C., Forestier, D., Ledaguenel, P., ... & Capuron, L. (2018). Zizindikiro zakukhumudwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri: Chopereka chochepa cha kutupa kotsika kwambiri komanso thanzi lama metabolic. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 91, 55-61.
8. [8]Blümel Méndez, J., Fica, J., Chedraui, P., Mezones Holguín, E., Zúñiga, M. C., Witis, S., ... & Ojeda, E. (2016). Kukhala kwanthawi yayitali kwa azimayi azaka zapakati kumalumikizidwa ndi zizindikilo zazikulu zakutha kwa msambo komanso kunenepa kwambiri.
9. [9]Camilleri, M., Malhi, H., & Acosta, A. (2017). Zovuta zakumimba za kunenepa kwambiri. Gastroenterology, 152 (7), 1656-1670.
10. [10]Jakobsen, G. S., Småstuen, M. C., Sandbu, R., Nordstrand, N., Hofsø, D., Lindberg, M., ... & Hjelmesæth, J. (2018). Mgwirizano wa opareshoni ya bariatric vs chithandizo chamankhwala azamankhwala omwe ali ndi zovuta zazitali zamankhwala komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Jama, 319 (3), 291-301.
11. [khumi ndi chimodzi]Suvan, J. E., Finer, N., & D'Aiuto, F. (2018). Zovuta zapanthawi ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Nthawi ya 2000, 78 (1), 98-128.
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13. [13][Adasankhidwa] Garvey, W. T. (2018). Kuzindikira ndi Kuunika kwa Odwala Amakhala Ndi Kunenepa Kwambiri. Maganizo Apano mu Endocrine ndi Kafukufuku wama Metabolic.
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15. [khumi ndi zisanu]Kusminski, C. M., Bickel, P. E., & Scherer, P. E. (2016). Kuwunikira minofu ya adipose pochiza matenda ashuga omwe amakhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Ndemanga zachilengedwe Kupeza mankhwala, 15 (9), 639.
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