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Masiku ano pamakhala nthenda yayikulu yamatenda opumira otchedwa nkhumba (kutanthauza nkhumba) chimfine (kutanthauza fuluwenza) kapena chimfine cha H1N1 chifukwa chimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka H1N1. Nzosadabwitsa kuti kachilombo kowopsa kameneka kanapha anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso ku India. Ku India zochitika za fuluwenza za nkhumba zawonjezeka mu 2015 m'mwezi wa january ndi february. Pano lero tikambirana zakusiyana pakati pa chimfine ndi nkhuku za nyengo, kodi nkhumba, nkhumba, katemera wa nkhumba ndi matenda a fuluwenza ndi njira zopewera.
Ngati timvetsetsa bwino za chimfine cha nkhumba komanso momwe chimafalira, titha kutsatira njira zoyenera kuti tipewe matenda ndi kufalikira kwake. Ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri ndipo pano lero m'nkhaniyi tikuthandizani kudziwa zambiri zofunika zokhudza nkhumba kapena chimfine cha H1N1.
Lero tikulingalira za moyo wanu wamtengo wapatali, ife a boldsky tidzakhala okondwa kugawana nanu zina zofunika zokhudza nkhumba za nkhumba monga kusiyana pakati pa nkhumba ndi nkhuku zanthawi. Onani mawonekedwe a matenda a chimfine cha nkhumba matenda ndi zizindikiro.
Fuluwenza Yanyengo
Tiyeni tiwuzeni koyamba fuluwenza kapena chimfine. Ndi matenda opumira omwe amayambitsidwa ndi ma virus. Zomwe zimakhudza pakhosi, mphuno, trachea ndi mapapo. Nthawi zambiri chimfine kapena fuluwenza yamasiku ano imatha pakatha masiku asanu ndi awiri kapena apo. Komabe ngati izikhala motalika, ndiye kuti muyenera kukhala ndi maantibayotiki mukafunsira kwa dokotala. Mwina ndi matenda a bakiteriya Akakhala masiku opitilira 7. Tsopano pakubwera zizindikiro zake ndi zilonda zapakhosi, kutentha thupi pang'ono, zotupa kapena mphuno komanso kutopa. Zizindikiro zonsezi ndizofatsa. Thupi lathu limasinthidwa bwino kuthana ndi mtundu wa chimfine cha nyengo. Chitetezo chathu chimadziwika bwino ndi fuluwenza yanyengoyi ndipo timamenyana nayo, chifukwa chake imayenda popanda zovuta.
Fuluwenza Yanyengo
Komabe ngati chimfine chanthawi yayitali chimasiyidwa osachiritsidwa, chimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zambiri monga chibayo. Munthu amene ali ndi chimfine chakanthawi amatha kufalitsa kachilomboko kwa anthu ena atatha maola 24 atapatsidwa kachilomboka.
Fuluwenza Yanyengo
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 200 ya ma virus yomwe imatha kuyambitsa chimfine kapena kuzizira. Mavairasi a chimfine amagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu Fuluwenza A, B kapena C. Fuluwenza A ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri. Fuluwenza wa H1N1 ndimfuluwenza yambiri A. Ndi kachilombo kowopsa kwambiri pakati pa onse ndikulowa m'maselo. Thupi lathu silingathenso kudziteteza chifukwa ndi kachilombo katsopano ka chitetezo cha mthupi.
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba
Kodi nkhumba chimfine ndi chiyani mwa anthu? Tsopano tikubwera ku chimfine cha nkhumba chomwe chili m'malingaliro a pafupifupi thupi lililonse masiku ano. Fuluwenza wa nkhumba monga dzina limanenera poyamba kufalikira kwa anthu kudzera mu nkhumba zomwe zili ndi kachilombo. Idayamba mchaka cha 2009. Vuto la chimfine lotchedwa H1N1 poyamba limalowera nkhumba. Munthu aliyense amene amakhudzana kwambiri ndi nkhumba zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka amatha kutenga kachilomboka m'thupi lake. Tsopano munthu yemweyo yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka nkhumba amatha kupatsira anthu ena. Fuluwenza wa nkhumba ndimatenda opumira monga chimfine cha nyengo. Komabe imafalikira mkatikati mwa pakhosi, trachea, mapapu ngakhale m'mimba ndi m'matumbo.
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba
Chitetezo chathu sichimakonzeka kuthana ndi kachilomboka popeza ndi kachilombo katsopano. Chitetezo chathu sichitha kuchizindikira chifukwa sichokonzeka kulimbana ndi vutoli. Zotsatira zake kachilombo ka H1N1 kamalowa mthupi popanda choletsa chilichonse. Amayi apakati, okalamba, ana, ma immuno adasokoneza odwala monga okhala ndi impso ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi mankhwala a steroidal ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga chimfine cha nkhumba. Chithandizo cha chimfine cha nkhumba ndikudziwika koyambirira ndikotheka ndi mankhwala a anti virus komanso chisamaliro choyenera. Ngati matendawa atasiyidwa osayang'aniridwa kuposa momwe angalowerere m'magazi komanso atha kupha moyo wa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboko. Apa simuyenera kuchita mantha, yang'anani bwino zizindikiro za chimfine ndipo pitani kuchipatala posachedwa ngati mukukayikira chimfine cha nkhumba.
Njira Yotumizira Fuluwenza Yankhumba
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba amatha kufalikira atayandikira kwambiri nkhumba zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Kudya nyama yaiwisi yosaphika yaiwisi. Kenako munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatha kufalitsa matendawa kwa anthu ena kudzera munjira zotsatirazi
Kutumiza kwa Droplet
Chimfine chimafalikira mukamapuma kapena kupuma m'madontho omwe amatulutsidwa munthu wodwala akamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula kapena kuyankhula. Omwe ali mdera lomwe akhudzidwa ndi chifuwa kapena kuyetsemula (mpaka mita ziwiri) ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda.
Lumikizanani ndi Kutumiza
Kukumana ndi malovu, m'mphuno komanso m'maso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kumafalitsa matendawa. Ikhozanso kufalikira ngati wodwalayo agwedeza dzanja lake lomwe lili ndi ntchofu ndi mnzake.
Odwala Fomites
fomites ndi zinthu zomwe munthu wodwala matendawa amagwiritsa ntchito monga thaulo, matuza, zofunda etc. Munthu akagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoterezi ndiye kuti atenga matendawa, Zomwe zimayambitsa izi ndikuti kachilomboka kamapezeka m'matumbo, malovu, matumbo munthu odwala. Komabe mutha kupezanso matendawa mutakhudza chilichonse chomwe chikugwidwa ndi kutsekemera kwa nthenda ya munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka.
Kupewa Kufalikira Kwa Matenda
Valani maski kumaso, izi zimalepheretsa kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka, kupewa malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri ndikupita kumadera omwe amapezeka. Tikulangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito choyeretsera dzanja mukamayenda ndikuyigwiritsa ntchito musanadye chilichonse. Palibe njira yopewa kukhudzana ndi kachilomboka m'malo omwe anthu ambiri amakhala, monga masitolo akuluakulu ndi sitima, choncho ndikofunikira kusamba m'manja mukamabwerera kunyumba. Chonde khalani osamba m'manja musanaphike chakudya kapena kuchita zina.
Katemera wa Nkhumba Za nkhumba India
Katemera ndi mtundu wosagwira ntchito wa virus kapena mabakiteriya omwe amavomerezedwa asanalandire matendawa. Amakonzekera chitetezo chokwanira kuti athane ndi matendawa. Zimathandizira kupanga ma antibodies (chida cholimbana ndi kachilomboka) kuti athane ndi matenda omwe akubwera. Chitetezo chamthupi chimakhala tcheru komanso chimateteza. Katemera wa chimfine amakhulupirira kuti ndiwothandiza popewa zizindikilo za matenda, kuchepetsa zovuta za chimfine, komanso kupewa kufa kwa omwe amatenga kachilombo pambuyo poti atemera.
Katemera wa Nkhumba Za nkhumba India
Komabe, katemera wa chimfine samapereka chitetezo chokwanira, ndipo ndizotheka kuthana ndi chimfine mutatha kudwala chimfine. Ndikofunika nthawi zonse kusamala kuti tipewe kutenga kachilomboka. Kuphatikiza apo, chitetezo chomwe katemera wa chimfine chimapereka ku matenda akulu ndi imfa chitha kuwonedwa ngati mwayi waukulu. Komabe, nthawi zina, zovuta zamankhwala zimatha kuchitika, zomwe zimadzetsa matenda atalandira katemera.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe
Ndi nthawi yomwe zizolowezi zimayamba kuwonekera pambuyo polowa mankhwala opatsirana (virus, mabakiteriya) mthupi. World Health Organisation ikunena kuti padziko lonse lapansi atatha kuwonekera, munthu amabwera ndi matenda a chimfine cha nkhumba m'masiku 4 mpaka 6 (masiku 5 apakati) kapena kupitilira masiku asanu ndi awiri. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuposa chimfine chomwe chimakhala masiku 1 mpaka 3.
Kusiyanitsa Pakati pa Fuluba Yankhumba Ndi Fuluwenza Wanyengo
Pali kusiyana kocheperako kapena kocheperako pakati pazizindikiro za chimfine cha nkhumba ndi chimfine cha nyengo. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pazizindikiro. Zizindikiro za chimfine cha nkhumba ndizolimba, zopweteka, kutentha thupi kwambiri ndipo chinthu chimodzi chofunikira ndichakuti, pali kutsekula m'mimba ndi kusanza pakagwa fuluwenza yemwe samapezeka nthawi zonse ndi chimfine.
Kusiyanitsa Pakati pa Fuluba Yankhumba Ndi Fuluwenza Wanyengo
Zizindikiro za chimfine cha nkhumba ndi malungo, kuzizira, kupweteka kwa minofu, kufooka, kutopa, zilonda zapakhosi, kupweteka mutu, kutsokomola kosalekeza, kutentha thupi kosalekeza, kumeza kowawa komanso chizindikiritso chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chitha kusiyanitsa ndi chimfine cha nyengo ndikutsekula m'mimba ndi kusanza. Zizindikiro za chimfine kapena fuluwenza ya nyengo ndi chimodzimodzi koma ndizofatsa ndipo palibe kutsekula m'mimba ndi kusanza.
Tsopano Tilongosolera Zosiyanitsa Zazikulu Pakati Pachimfine Cha Nkhumba Ndi Chimfine Cham'nyengo
Malungo
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba: Fever nthawi zambiri imapezeka ndi H1N1 mpaka 80% yamatenda onse a chimfine. Kutentha kwa digiri ya 101
Chimfine Cham'nyengo: Kutentha kwambiri kumafala ndi chimfine cha nyengo.
Kutsokomola
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba: Chifuwa chosabereka (chosatulutsa ntchofu) chimakhala ndi H1N1 (chotchedwa chifuwa chouma).
Chimfine Cham'nyengo: Chifuwa chowuma komanso chodula nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi chimfine cha nyengo koma mwamphamvu.
Zilonda
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba: Zowawa zazikulu ndizofala ndi H1N1.
Chimfine Cham'nyengo: Zilonda zochepa komanso zochepa zimafanana ndi chimfine chanthawi
Mphuno Yodzaza
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba: Mphuno yodzaza sikupezeka ndi H1N1.
Chimfine Cham'nyengo: Mphuno yothamanga nthawi zambiri imakhalapo ndi chimfine cha nyengo.
Kuzizira
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba: 80% ya anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la H1N1.
Chimfine Cham'nyengo: Kuzizira kumakhala kosavuta mpaka pang'ono komanso chimfine cha nyengo.
Kutopa
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba: Kutopa ndi kwakukulu ndi H1N1.
Chimfine Cham'nyengo: Kutopa sikokwanira ndipo kumatchedwa kusowa kwa mphamvu ndi chimfine cha nyengo.
Kusisitsa
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba: Kutsetsereka sikofala ndi H1N1.
Chimfine Cham'nyengo: Kukodola nthawi zambiri kumafala ndi chimfine cha nyengo.
Chizindikiro Chadzidzidzi
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba: Munthu amadza ndi matenda a chimfine m'masiku 4 mpaka 6. H1N1 imagunda mwamphamvu ndipo imaphatikizapo zizindikilo zadzidzidzi monga kutentha thupi kwambiri, kupweteka ndi zowawa.
Chimfine Cham'nyengo: Zizindikiro zimayamba pakatha masiku 1 kapena 3 mutalowa kachilombo mthupi ndipo zimaphatikizapo nkhope yamaso, kusowa njala, chizungulire, kusanza, nseru.
Mutu
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba: Mutu umafala kwambiri ndi H1N1 ndipo umapezeka mu 80% ya milandu.
Chimfine Cham'nyengo: Mutu wopepuka umakhala wamba ndi chimfine cha nyengo.
Chikhure
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba: Siwowonekera kwenikweni mu nkhumba za nkhumba ndipo ngakhale atakhalapo ndiwofatsa.
Chimfine Cham'nyengo: Pakhosi pakhosi nthawi zambiri pamakhala chimfine.
Kusapeza Chifuwa
Fuluwenza wa nkhumba: Kusapeza bwino pachifuwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu ndi H1N1.
Chimfine Cham'nyengo: Kusapeza bwino pachifuwa kumakhala kofanana ndi chimfine cha nyengo. Ngati itasintha kwambiri kuposa kupita kuchipatala
tcheru nthawi yomweyo.
