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Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wochokera ku India ati matenda a meningitis ndi omwe amayambitsa kufa kwa ana ochepera zaka 5. Mu 2012, Boma la India lidakhazikitsa Katemera wa Pentavalent mu Universal Immunization Program (UIP) mdziko lonselo ndikufalitsa dzikolo ndi 2017.

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa meningitis kwatsika, pakufunikabe kupitilizabe kuwunika kuti awunikire njira zomwe zikubwera za mankhwala olimbana ndi maantibayotiki mdziko muno. Werengani kuti mudziwe za matenda omwe akukhudza dziko lino, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi njira zopewera.

Kodi meneningitis ndi chiyani?

Meningitis ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa kutupa kwa nembanemba kozungulira msana ndi ubongo. Makanda, ana, achinyamata komanso achikulire amatha kudwala matenda oumitsa khosi, ngakhale mtundu wa meningitis umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi gulu lawo.

Kutupa kwa ma meninges (oteteza ubongo ndi msana, ndiye kuti, amateteza ubongo ndi msana kuti usakhudzidwe ndi majeremusi kapena zoopsa zilizonse) zimachitika madzi amadzi ozungulira dera amatenga kachilombo. ^[1] .

Izi, zimayambitsanso mavuto am'mitsempha, komanso madzi amadzimadzi omwe amateteza dongosolo lamanjenje ^[ziwiri] .

Kodi Mitundu Ya Meningitis Ndi Chiyani?

Meningitis imayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya kapena ma virus ndipo mitundu ya meningitis imagawidwa moyenera. Mitundu yofala kwambiri ya meninjaitisi ndi bakiteriya komanso ma virus.

1. Matenda a m'mimba

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa meningitis, viral meningitis ndiwofatsa ndipo umachiritsidwa wokha. Amayamba chifukwa cha ma virus omwe ali mgulu la Enterovirus, lomwe limafikira 85 peresenti yamatendawa ^[3] .

2. Bakiteriya meninjaitisi

Mtundu uwu wa meningitis ndi wopatsirana. Bacterial meningitis imayambitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya monga Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus fuluwenza, Listeria monocytogenes ndi Staphylococcus aureus.

Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, vutoli limatha kupha. Malinga ndi malipoti, 5 mpaka 40% ya ana ndi 20 mpaka 50% ya achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda a bakiteriya amamwalira ^[4] .

3. Fungal meninjaitisi

Mtundu wosowa wa meningitis, fungus meningitis umayambitsidwa ndi bowa monga Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Histoplasma ndi Coccidioides. Bowa imafalitsa thupi ndikufalikira mpaka m'magazi, kuchokera komwe imapita kuubongo kapena msana.

4. Matenda a m'mimba

Zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi tiziromboti topezeka mu dothi, ndowe, zakudya monga nsomba yaiwisi, zokolola ndi nkhuku, parasitic meningitis imayambitsidwa ndi tiziromboti monga Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Baylisascaris procyonis ndi

Gnathostoma spinigerum.

Parasitic meningitis siyikupatsirana mwachindunji, ndiye kuti, siyidutsa kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi kupita kwa wina. Imafalikira pamene tiziromboti timafalitsa nyama kapena chakudya, chomwe chimadyedwa ndi munthu ^[5] .

5. Matenda a meninjaitisi osapatsirana

Matenda a meningitis amathanso kukula chifukwa cha zifukwa zosafalikira ndipo iyi imagwera m'gululi.

Kodi Zimayambitsa Zokhudzana ndi Meningitis ndi chiyani?

Mtundu uliwonse wamatenda umakhala ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa kufala kwa ma virus. Chifukwa china chachikulu ndi matenda a bakiteriya ndi matenda a fungal omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri ^[6] ^[7] .

Zomwe zimayambitsa bakiteriya meningitis zimasiyana malinga ndi msinkhu wa wodwalayo. Makanda obadwa msanga ndi akhanda mpaka miyezi itatu, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi gulu B streptococci. Kwa ana okalamba, amayamba ndi Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) ndi Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pomwe akuluakulu, amayamba ndi Neisseria meningitidis ndi Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Matenda a m'mimba amayamba chifukwa cha ma virus monga West Nile virus, fuluwenza, mumps, HIV,

chikuku, mavairasi a herpes ndi Coltivirus.

Fungal meningitis imatha chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo. Zina mwazifukwa zake ndimomwe amagwiritsira ntchito ma immunosuppressants, kutayika kwa chitetezo chazaka zakubadwa komanso HIV / AIDS.

Parasitic meningitis imayambitsidwa ndi tiziromboti monga Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Gnathostoma spinigerum ndi Schistosoma. Vutoli limayambanso chifukwa cha zinthu monga cysticercosis, toxocariasis, baylisascariasis ndi paragonimiasis.

Matenda osapatsirana amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena mankhwala monga lupus, kuvulala pamutu, opaleshoni yaubongo, khansa ndi mankhwala ena.

Kodi Zizindikiro Za Meningitis Ndi Ziti?

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zokhudzana ndi vutoli ndizofanana ndi chimfine ndipo zimayamba masiku angapo. Zizindikiro za meninjaitisi zimasiyana kutengera msinkhu wa munthu komanso mtundu wa matendawa komanso zizindikiritso za meningitis ya virus ndi bakiteriya imatha kukhala yofanana koyambirira ^[8] .

Matenda a meningitis mu makanda ndi awa:

Kukwiya
Kusowa kwa njala
Kukonda
Malungo
Kugona

Zizindikiro zofala za meninjaitisi akuluakulu ndi izi:

Kusanza
Malungo
Kugona
Khosi lolimba
Kugwidwa
Kuzindikira kuwala kowala
Kuchepetsa chilakolako
Kukonda
Nseru
Kukwiya
Kukonda
Mutu
Khungu lofiirira lomwe limafanana ndi mikwingwirima
Kuzizira
Kuzindikira kuwala (photophobia)
Kusokonezeka
Kusokonezeka

Mu parasitic meningitis, zizindikilozo ndizofanana ndi za fungal meningitis ndipo munthu amatha kukhala ndi zotupa m'thupi. Matenda a meningococcal meningitis adzakhala ndi zotupa pathupi ndipo zizindikilo zake zimaphatikizapo kuuma kwa khosi, chikwangwani cha Brudzinski chotsatsa chizindikiro cha Kernig pakuwunika ^[9] .

Kodi Zowopsa Zokhudza Meningitis Ndi Ziti?

Zowopsa za meninjaitisi ndi izi ^[10] :

Msinkhu wachinyamata
Mimba
Chitetezo chofooka kapena chofooka
Kukhala malo okhala
Kupewa katemera

Kodi zovuta za meninjaitisi ndi ziti?

Matenda aliwonse amakhala ndi zovuta zamatenda ndipo vuto la meninjaitisi limakhala lalikulu ndipo limatha kukomoka komanso kuwonongeka kwaminyewa kwamphamvu ngati silichiritsidwa ^{[khumi ndi chimodzi]} .

Zovuta za meninjaitisi ndi izi:

Impso kulephera
Chodabwitsa
Kulephera kuphunzira
Kutaya kwakumva
Mavuto okumbukira
Nyamakazi
Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo
Mavuto
Hydrocephalus
Imfa

Kodi Meningitis Imadziwika Bwanji?

Adotolo azipeza izi kutengera kuyezetsa thupi, kuyezetsa komanso mbiri ya zamankhwala. Dokotala afufuza ngati pali matenda kuzungulira mutu, makutu, mmero komanso khungu pamsana ^[12] . Kufufuza / kuyesa kofunikira kwambiri mu meningitis ndi LP (kuphulika kwa lumbar).

Matendawa akuphatikiza mayesero otsatirawa:

Tomography yamakompyuta (CT)
Kujambula kwamaginito (MRI)
Zikhalidwe zamagazi
X-ray pachifuwa

Kodi Meningitis Imagwira Bwanji?

Chithandizo chamankhwala chimadalira mtundu wa meningitis.

Bakiteriya meninjaitisi amafuna chithandizo mwachangu ndi mtsempha wa maantibayotiki ndi corticosteroids. Chithandizo cha matenda a meningitis chimaphatikizapo kupumula pabedi, kumwa madzi ndi mankhwala opweteka kwambiri. Mankhwala oletsa antifungal amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza fungus meningitis ^[13] .

Mu mitundu yotsala ya meningitis, madokotala amapereka mankhwala ochepetsa ma virus komanso maantibayotiki. Matenda osapatsirana amachiritsidwa ndi corticosteroids. Nthawi zina meninjaitisi, chithandizo sifunikira chifukwa vutoli limadzichitira lokha.

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chingathandize kupewa matenda a meninjaitisi?

Popeza vutoli limayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi wamba, limatha kufalikira kudzera kukhosomola, kupsompsonana, kugawana ziwiya zina. Njira zotsatirazi zitha kuteteza kufalikira kwa meningitis ^[14] .

Sambani manja anu
Khalani athanzi (pumulani, muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, idyani moyenera)
Khalani aukhondo
Phimbani pakamwa panu mukatsokomola kapena mukuyetsemula
Amayi apakati ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri pankhani ya kudya

Kupatula izi, meningitis itha kupewedwa potenga katemera.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Q. Chizindikiro choyamba cha meningitis ndi chiyani?

Zaka : Malungo, kusanza, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka kwa ziwalo, khungu lotumbululuka, ndi manja ndi mapazi ozizira ndi zizindikiro zoyamba za meninjaitisi.

Q. Kodi munthu angapulumuke meninjaitisi?

Zaka : Ngati simunalandire meningitis amatha kupha. Koma, kulandira chithandizo kwakanthawi komanso kulowererapo kumatha kumuthandiza kuti apulumuke.

Q. Kodi meningitis ingakuphe mwachangu bwanji?

Zaka : Meningitis imatha kupha pakadutsa maola 4.

Q. Kodi mutu wa meninjaitisi umamva bwanji?

Zaka : Mosiyana ndi mutu womwe umakhala wamba, mutu umayamba, mutu wa meningitis umakhudza mutu wanu wonse ndipo sunakhazikitsidwe gawo lililonse.

Onani Zolemba Pazolemba

[1]Khan, F. Y., Yousef, H., & Elzouki, A. N. (2017). Rhabdomyolysis ndi kulephera kwakukulu kwa impso komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi pneumococcal meningitis: Lipoti la milandu ndikuwunikanso zolemba. Libyan Journal of Medical Sayansi, 1 (1), 18.
[ziwiri]Cooper, L. V., Kristiansen, P. A., Christensen, H., Karachaliou, A., & Trotter, C. L. (2019). Katundu wa Meningococcal wazaka zambiri mu lamba wa ku meningitis ku Africa: kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane ndikuwunika meta. Epidemiology & Infection, 147.
[3]van Samkar, A., Brouwer, M. C., Schultsz, C., van der Ende, A., & van de Beek, D. (2015). Streptococcus suis meningitis: kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane ndikuwunika meta. PLoS anyalanyaza matenda otentha, 9 (10), e0004191.
[4]Hussein, K., Bitterman, R., Shofty, B., Paul, M., & Neuberger, A. (2017). Kuwongolera kwa meningitis ya post-neurosurgical: kuwunikira kolemba. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23 (9), 621-628.
[5]Ogrodzki, P., & Forsythe, S. (2015). Kujambula mwachidule kwa mtundu wa Cronobacter komanso kuyanjana kwa mitundu ina ya Cronobacter sakazakii ndi C. malonaticus capsule mitundu ndi neonatal meningitis ndi necrotizing enterocolitis. Matenda a BMC, 16 (1), 758.
[6]Sinha, M. K., Prasad, M., Haque, S. S., Agrawal, R., & Singh, A. (2016). Chipatala cha Lactate Dehydrogenase Zochita mu Cerebrospinal Fluid ndi Zaka ndi Kugawa Kugonana Mumitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Meningitis. MOJ Immunol, 4 (5), 00142.
[7]Kakarlapudi, S. R., Chacko, A., Samuel, P., Verghese, V. P., & Rose, W. (2018). Kuyerekeza kwa scrub typhus meningitis ndi pachimake bakiteriya meninjaitisi ndi tuberculous meningitis. Ana achimwenye, 55 (1), 35-37.
[8]Lv, S., Zhou, X. N., & Andrews, J. R. (2017). Eosinophilic meningitis yoyambitsidwa ndi Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
[9]Heemskerk, A. D., Bang, N. D., Mai, N.T, Chau, T., Phu, N. H., Loc, P. P., ... & Lan, N. H. (2016). Kuchulukitsa chithandizo cha antituberculosis mwa akulu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB. New England Journal of Medicine, 374 (2), 124-134.
[10]Wilkinson, R. J., Rohlwink, U., Misra, UK, Van Crevel, R., Mai, N.T., Dooley, K. E., ... & Thwaites, G. E. (2017). Matenda opweteka a m'mimba. Zowunikira Zachilengedwe Neurology, 13 (10), 581.
[khumi ndi chimodzi]Mmisiri wamatabwa, R. R., & Petersdorf, R. G. (1962). Matenda osiyanasiyana a bakiteriya meningitis. Magazini yaku America ya zamankhwala, 33 (2), 262-275.
[12]Malo Othandizira Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda. (2015). Epidemiology ndi kupewa matenda opewera katemera. Washington DC Public Health Foundation, 2, 20-2.
[13]Phiri, H. R., & Boyle, S. D. (2017). Aseptic and bacterial meningitis: kuwunika, chithandizo, ndi kupewa. Ndi Sing'anga wa Fam, 96 (5), 314-322.
[14]Rajasingham, R., Smith, R. M., Park, B. J., Jarvis, J. N., Govender, N. P., Chiller, T. M., ... & Boulware, D. R. (2017). Kulemera kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwa matenda okhudzana ndi HIV a cryptococcal meningitis: kusanthula kosinthidwa. Matenda opatsirana a Lancet, 17 (8), 873-881.