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Muyenera Kuwonera

Musaphonye

Kunyumba Zaumoyo Zakudya zabwino Nutrition oi-Amritha K Wolemba Amritha K. pa Epulo 30, 2019

Kuyambira zaka zambiri, vinyo wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito osati kungosangalatsanso komanso zathanzi zosiyanasiyana. Chopangidwa kuchokera ku msuzi wamphesa wofesa, chakumwa chokoma ndi imodzi mwanjira zabwino zophatikizira zosangalatsa ndi thanzi. Kumwa mowa pang'ono kumachitika chifukwa cha moyo wautali, chitetezo ku khansa komanso thanzi lam'mutu ^[1] . Ubwino umodzi wakumwa vinyo titha kuwona chifukwa cha moyo wowopsa wa anthu aku France omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kufa ndi matenda amtima. Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa vinyo nthawi yachakudya kumapangitsa kuti mdziko muno muzikhala ndi anthu ochepa omwe amafa chifukwa cha matenda amtima ^[ziwiri] .

Ubwino wodabwitsa wa vinyo sichinthu chomwe apeza masiku ano chifukwa kafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku Harvard University adawonetsa kuti mtsuko m'manda a King Scorpion I, kuyambira 3150 BC udapezeka ndi vinyo komanso zotsalira zitsamba ^[3] . Chabwino, zikuwoneka ngati siife tokha amene tikudziwa za ubwino wa vinyo! Mowa padziko lonse lapansi, vinyo ali ndi malo apadera pamoyo wake. Kuyambira kukweza kwanu ndikukweza magwiridwe antchito amtima wanu, chakumwa chosangalatsa chimabwera m'mitundu isanu yayikulu - vinyo wofiira, vinyo woyera, vinyo wa rose, vinyo wonyezimira ndi vinyo wolimba ^[4] .

Lero, tiwona mozama mitundu ya vinyo, yofiira ndi yoyera ndipo tifufuza mitundu yomwe ili ndi thanzi labwino poyerekeza.

Kusiyana Pakati pa Vinyo Woyera Ndi Vinyo Wofiira

Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo a aliyense pomwe amalankhula zakusiyana pakati pa vinyo woyera ndi vinyo wofiira ndi kusiyana kwa utoto monga dzinalo likusonyezera. Koma sizomwezo!

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa

Vinyo woyera ndi vinyo wofiira amapangidwa ndi mphesa zamtundu wosiyana. Ngakhale vinyo wofiira amapangidwa ndi mphesa zofiira, vinyo woyera amapangidwa ndi mphesa zoyera. Mtundu wa mphesa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitunduyo. Pinot Noir ndi Cabernet Sauvignon ndi ena mwa mitundu ya vinyo wofiira ndipo Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, ndi ena, ndi mitundu ya vinyo woyera ^[5] .

Mbali zosiyanasiyana za mphesa

Vinyo woyera ndi vinyo wofiira amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mphesa. Ndiye kuti, pomwe ma vinyo ofiira amafufitsidwa ndi zikopa za mphesa ndi mbewu, vinyo woyera sali. Khungu ndi mbewu za mphesa zimapatsa vinyo wofiira mtundu wakuda. Kuti apange vinyo woyera, mphesa zimakanikizidwa ndipo mbewu, khungu ndi zimayambira zimachotsedwa ntchito isanayambike ^[6] .

Pokonzekera vinyo wina woyera, mphesa zoyera zimatenthedwa ndi zikopa ndi mbewu. Vinyo wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi amatchedwa Ma Vinyo a Orange ndipo ali ndi kulawa kofanana ndi vinyo wofiira, ndipo njirayi sigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ^[5] .

Njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira vinyo

Zakudya zofewa, zolemera, komanso zotsekemera za vinyo wofiira ndi zity acidity, maluwa onunkhira, ndi zipatso zoyera za vinyo zimapezeka kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana zopangira vinyo. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa kupanga vinyo wofiira ndi kupanga vinyo woyera ndi njira yowonjezera. Vinyo wofiira amapangidwa kudzera mu makutidwe ndi okosijeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti vinyo atayike maluwa ndi zipatso posinthana ndi kununkhira kokometsera, mtedza komanso kuwongolera kosalala ^[6] .

Pogwiritsira ntchito migolo ya thundu, mpweya wa okosijeni umakulitsidwa womwe umalola kuti vinyo apume ndikuphatikizana ndi oxygen, chifukwa chake zimapangitsa kuti vinyo wofiira amve kukoma kwake. Pankhani yopanga vinyo woyera, mpweya umachepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito akasinja osapanga dzimbiri, omwe amatsimikizira kuti vinyoyo umabala zipatso komanso maluwa. ^[5] , ^[7] .

Chakudya Choyerekeza Pakati pa Vinyo Woyera Ndi Vinyo Wofiira

Ngakhale mitundu yonse ya vinyo ili ndi michere yofananira, pali kusiyana pakati pa vinyo wofiira ndi zakudya zoyera za vinyo woyera ^[8] , ^[9] .

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi	Vinyo Woyera (100g)	Vinyo Wofiira (100g)
Ma calories	82 kcal

85 kcal Zakudya Zamadzimadzi Zonse 2.6г 2.6 g Shuga 1 g 0,6 g Mapuloteni 0.1 g 0.1 g Sodium 5 g 4 mg Potaziyamu 71 mg 127 mg Mankhwala enaake a 71 mg 127 mg Chitsulo 0,5 mg 1 mg Vitamini B6 7 mg 7 mg

Poyerekeza phindu la vinyo wofiira ndi vinyo woyera, ndizomveka kuti vinyo wofiira amakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri. Komabe, vinyo woyera amakhala ndi ma calories ochepa.

Ubwino Womwa Vinyo Woyera

Zina mwazabwino zathanzi lakumwa vinyo woyera ndi izi ^[10] , ^{[khumi ndi chimodzi]} , ^[12] :

Bwino ntchito m'mapapo: Kumwa vinyo woyera kumalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwamapapu. Ma antioxidants omwe amapezeka mu vinyo woyera amathandiza kuti minofu ikhale yathanzi motero imathandizira kupuma kosaletseka. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi University of Buffalo, zidawululidwa kuti zopatsa thanzi mu vinyo woyera zimatha kukonza mapapu anu ndikuwathandiza kuti azigwira ntchito bwino.

Kuteteza mtima: Kafukufuku waposachedwa awulula kuti kumwa vinyo woyera ndikopindulitsa pamtima wanu. Zimathandiza kuchepetsa mwayi wodwala matenda a mtima mpaka 25 peresenti.

Zothandizira kuchepetsa thupi: Ma antioxidants epicatechin, quercetin, ndi resveratrol mu vinyo woyera amakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kunenepa kowonjezerako. Ma antioxidants awa amathandizira kuchepetsa zowonjezera kuchokera m'chiuno mwanu. Kumwa kapu imodzi kapena ziwiri za vinyo woyera patsiku kumathandizira kulimbikitsa kunenepa mokwanira.

Imaletsa matenda: Chimodzi mwamaubwino ena akumwa vinyo woyera ndikuti amathandizira kupewa kuyambika kwa matenda ena. Mavitamini a vinyo woyera ali ndi antioxidant omwe amathandiza kuteteza thupi lanu ku mitundu ina ya khansa, makamaka khansa ya m'mimba.

Dinani apa kuti muwerenge zambiri za thanzi la vinyo woyera .

Kuipa Kumwa Vinyo Woyera

Kumwa vinyo wambiri mopitirira muyeso kumatha kusintha ulendo wanu wochepetsa thupi chifukwa ma calories angapangitse kunenepa kosafunikira ^[13] .
Kumwa mowa kwambiri kumadzetsa uchidakwa komanso poizoni.
Nthawi zina, zimatha kuyambitsa kapamba.
Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima ayenera kumwa vinyo woyera moyenera chifukwa amayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupwetekedwa mtima, kuwonongeka kwa minofu yamtima komanso kufa mwadzidzidzi ^[14] .
Ndibwino kuti amayi apakati apewe kumwa vinyo woyera chifukwa amatha kuyambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo ^[13] .
Mavinyo oyera ndi acidic ndipo amatha kukhala oyipa mano anu.

Ubwino Womwa Vinyo Wofiira

Zina mwazabwino zakumwa vinyo wofiira ndi izi ^{[khumi ndi zisanu]} , ^[16] , ^[17] , ^[18] :

Kuchepetsa thanzi lamtima: Ma polyphenols, resveratrol ndi quercetin omwe amapezeka mu vinyo wofiira amatha kuteteza mtima wanu ku matenda amtima. Zakudya za antioxidant mu vinyo wofiira zimathandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa atherosclerosis. Kudya moyenera kwa vinyo wofiira kumathandiza kuchepetsa kufa kwa mtima ndipo resveratrol imatchinjiriza maselo anu am'mimba kuti asawonongeke pambuyo povulala, imalepheretsa kupangika kwa ma platelet, komanso imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa triglyceride ndi cholesterol.

Amayang'anira matenda ashuga: Kumwa vinyo wofiira kumathandizira kuchepetsa kupitilira kwa shuga kudzera m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndikupita m'magazi. Izi zimachedwetsa kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Imaphatikizidwanso m'ndondomeko ya zakudya za matenda ashuga, chifukwa cha vinyo wofiira omwe ali nawo.

Amagwiritsa ntchito cholesterol: Kumwa mowa wofiira moyenera kumatha kuthandizira kukweza mafuta abwino a HDL komanso kutsitsa cholesterol choipa cha LDL. Izi zimathandizanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtima.

Amalimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri: Piceatannol yamagulu yomwe ilipo mu mphesa zofiira imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi resveratrol. Piceatannol imathandizira kulimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa poletsa kukula kwa maselo amafuta ndikukula.

Amamenya kuwonongeka kopanda malire: Chimodzi mwamaubwino ena akumwa vinyo wofiira ndikuti chimalepheretsa kupezeka kwa zopitilira muyeso zomwe zingayambitse matenda osachiritsika komanso osachiritsika, kuphatikiza khansa, matenda amthupi, nyamakazi, matenda amtima komanso matenda amitsempha. Kupezeka kwa ma antioxidants kumathandizanso kwambiri polimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwaulere.

Zina mwazinthu zina zazikulu zakumwa vinyo wofiira zimachepetsa kupweteka kwam'mimbamo, zimachepetsa kuchepa kwazindikiritso, zimalepheretsa kuyambika kwa khansa, ndikukulitsa nthawi yayitali popewa kuyambika kwa matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba ^[17] .

Kuipa Kokumwa Vinyo Wofiira

Kumwa mopitirira muyeso kumakulitsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda opatsirana, chifukwa kumatha kufooketsa chitetezo chamthupi ^[19] .
Oyeretsera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu vinyo amatha kuyambitsa kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, komanso ngakhale mphumu.
Kumwa mowa kwambiri kumawononga ziwalo zanu zamkati.

Kafukufuku wina wanena kuti kumwa vinyo ndikopindulitsa ku thanzi lanu kuposa kumwa mowa kapena mowa. Tsopano popeza tayang'ana zabwino ndi zoyipa za vinyo woyera ndi vinyo wofiira, ndikuyerekeza phindu la zakudya, titha kudziwa kuti wina ali ndi thanzi labwino kuposa winayo ^[3] , ^{[makumi awiri]} . Ndipo pambuyo pofufuza ndikuwunika pakati pa maubwino komanso zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha vinyo woyera ndi vinyo wofiira, titha kunena kuti vinyo wofiira ndiye wopambana momveka bwino! Izi sizitanthauza kuti vinyo woyera ndi woipa pa thanzi lanu kapena alibe phindu lililonse mthupi lanu.

Vinyo wofiira ndi woyera akhoza kukhala wathanzi mukamamwa moyenera komanso mosapitirira muyeso. Komabe, mukayerekezera ndi vinyo woyera, vinyo wofiira amapindulitsa kwambiri mtima wanu chifukwa chakupezeka kwa antioxidant resveratrol ^{[makumi awiri ndi mphambu imodzi]} . Vinyo woyera, ngakhale ali ndi ma antioxidants, amakhala ochepa ngati khungu la mphesa limachotsedwa mphesa zikaphwanyidwa.

Vinyo wofiira amakhala ndi polyphenols omwe amathandiza kuthana ndi ukalamba usanakwane, womwe vinyo woyera alibe ^{[makumi awiri]} .

Pankhani ya zopatsa mphamvu, kapu ya vinyo woyera imakhala ndi ma calories ochepa 121 pomwe vinyo wofiira amakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu 127 ^[22] .

Vinyo wofiira amakhala ndi silicon yambiri kuposa vinyo woyera, ndikupangitsa kuti izithandizira bwino thanzi lanu. Poyerekeza ndi vinyo woyera, vinyo wofiira amathandizira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafupa ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kufooka kwa mafupa.

Kupitiliza phindu komanso zovuta zomwe zimapezeka ndi vinyo wofiira ndi vinyo woyera, munthu akhoza kunena kuti vinyo wofiira amaposa vinyo woyera m'magawo angapo. Kuchokera pakukweza thanzi la mtima wanu mpaka kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kufooka kwa mafupa, kumwa vinyo wofiira pang'ono kumatha kukupindulitsani m'njira zambiri ^{[2. 3]} .

Chifukwa chake, ngati mukuyang'ana njira yabwinobwino pakati pa zakumwa ziwirizi, vinyo wofiira ndi yankho lanu! Vinyo wofiira, wosalala komanso wowoneka bwino wodzaza ndi maubwino ambiri ndiwowonjezera kusangalala ndi zakudya zanu.

Kutsikira Kumwa Kwa Vinyo

Chilichonse chomwe chimabwera ndi phindu chimakhala ndi zoyipa zake, ndipo vinyo ndiosiyana. Ngakhale vinyo wofiira, komanso vinyo woyera, amapindulapo pang'ono, kumwa mowa ngati njira yothandizira thanzi lanu sikuyenera kuchirikizidwa - chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zovuta zomwe zimamwa mowa mopitirira muyeso mthupi lanu malingaliro ^[24] . Kuopsa kwakumwa mowa kwambiri kumasiyana ndi chiwindi komanso mtima kulephera kufa, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti musamamwe mowa pang'ono. Kumwa kapu ya vinyo wofiira patsiku ndiye kuchuluka kwake, komabe, magalasi awiri nawonso sangapweteke.

Kumwa mowa kwambiri kumatha kuwononga ziwalo zanu chifukwa vinyo wofiira yemweyo ndi neurotoxin yomwe imatha kupha ubongo ndi chiwindi. Kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti azimayi omwe amamwa mowa kwambiri ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere ^[25] , ^[26] .

Chimodzi mwazotsatira zoyipa zakumwa kwa vinyo ndikuti zopangira zopangira monga zonunkhira, zolimbitsa ndi zomvekera bwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kununkhira, utoto, kapangidwe ndi mashelufu a vinyo ^[27] . Ma sulphites omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu vinyo amatha kuyambitsa mavuto kwa anthu ena monga dermatitis, kuthamanga, kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, kusintha kwa mphumu komanso anaphylaxis yowopsa ^[28] .

Onani Zolemba Pazolemba

[1]Wachijeremani, J. B., & Walzem, R. L. (2000). Ubwino waumoyo wa vinyo.Kuwunikanso pachaka za zakudya, 20 (1), 561-593.
[ziwiri]Xiang, L., Xiao, L., Wang, Y., Li, H., Huang, Z., & He, X. (2014). Ubwino wathanzi la vinyo: Musayembekezere resveratrol kwambiri. Chemistry yazakudya, 156, 258-263.
[3]Yoo, Y. J., Saliba, A. J., MacDonald, J. B., Prenzler, P. D., & Ryan, D. (2013). Kafukufuku wazikhalidwe za ogula vinyo pokhudzana ndi thanzi la vinyo.Kudya Kwabwino ndi Kukonda, 28 (2), 531-538.
[4]Shrikhande, A. J. (2000). Zogulitsa vinyo zomwe zimapindulitsa thanzi. Food Research International, 33 (6), 469-474.
[5]Siemann, E.H, & Creasy, L.L (1992). Kukhazikika kwa phytoalexin resveratrol mu vinyo. American Journal of Enology ndi Viticulture, 43 (1), 49-52.
[6]Singleton, V.L, & Trousdale, E. K. (1992). Kuyanjana kwa Anthocyanin-tannin kufotokozera kusiyanasiyana kwama phenol polymeric pakati pa vinyo woyera ndi wofiira. American Journal of Enology ndi Viticulture, 43 (1), 63-70.
[7]Pezani nkhaniyi pa intaneti Klatsky A., L. Armstrong M., A. & Friedman G. G. (1997). Vinyo wofiira, vinyo woyera, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, mowa, komanso chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana pogonana. Magazini yaku America yokhudza matenda a mtima, 80 (4), 416-420.
[8]Wollin, S. D., & Jones, P. J. (2001). Mowa, vinyo wofiira komanso matenda amtima. Journal of Nutrition, 131 (5), 1401-1404.
[9]Katalinić, V., Milos, M., Modun, D., Musić, I., & Boban, M. (2004). Mphamvu ya antioxidant ya vinyo wosankhidwa poyerekeza ndi (+) - katekinini. Zakudya zamagetsi, 86 (4), 593-600.
[10]Guilford, J. M., & Pezzuto, J. M. (2011). Vinyo ndi thanzi: Kuwunika. American Journal of Enology ndi Viticulture, 62 (4), 471-486.
[khumi ndi chimodzi]Conigrave, K. M., Hu, B.F, Camargo, C., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., & Rimm, E. B. (2001). Kafukufuku woyembekezeredwa wamachitidwe akumwa pokhudzana ndi chiwopsezo cha mtundu wa 2 shuga pakati pa amuna.Diabetes, 50 (10), 2390-2395.
[12]Mukamal, K. J., Conigrave, K. M., Mittleman, M. A., Camargo Jr, C. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., & Rimm, E. B. (2003). Maudindo akumwa ndi mtundu wa mowa womwe umadwala matenda amtima mwa amuna. New England Journal of Medicine, 348 (2), 109-118.
[13]Van de Wiel, A., & De Lange, D. W. (2008). Kuopsa kwamatenda amtima kumayenderana kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake kakumwa kuposa mtundu wa zakumwa zoledzeretsa .eth J Med, 66 (11), 467-473.
[14]Jarisch, R., & Wantke, F. (1996). Vinyo ndi mutu. Zolemba zapadziko lonse lapansi za ziwengo ndi chitetezo chamthupi, 110 (1), 7-12.
[khumi ndi zisanu]Opie, L.H, & Lecour, S. (2007). Vinyo wofiira wonyezimira: kuchokera pamaganizidwe mpaka ma molekyulu oteteza. Magazini yamitima yaku Europe, 28 (14), 1683-1693.
[16]Saremi, A., & Arora, R. (2008). Zomwe zimakhudza mtima ndi mowa ndi vinyo wofiira.Nkhani yaku America yothandizira, 15 (3), 265-277.
[17]Szmitko, P. E., & Verma, S. (2005). Vuto lofiira la antiatherogenic la vinyo wofiira: kusintha kwamankhwala. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 288 (5), H2023-H2030.
[18]Ellison, R. C. (2002). Kusiyanitsa kuopsa ndi maubwino omwa mowa mopitirira muyeso. Zolemba za New York Academy of Science, 957 (1), 1-6.
[19]Ma Higgins, L. M., & Llanos, E. (2015). Kukondweretsedwa kwabwino? Ogwiritsa ntchito vinyo komanso maubwino a vinyo.Wine Economics and Policy, 4 (1), 3-11.
[makumi awiri]Seigneur, M., Bonnet, J., Dorian, B., Benchimol, D., Drouillet, F., Gouverneur, G., ... & Bricaud, H. (1990). Zotsatira zakumwa mowa, vinyo woyera, ndi vinyo wofiira pa mapulogalamu ndi ma seramu lipids. Journal of Applied Cardiology, 5 (3), 215-222.
[makumi awiri ndi mphambu imodzi]Fuhrman, B., Volkova, N., Suraski, A., & Aviram, M. (2001). Vinyo woyera wokhala ndi zinthu zofananira ndi vinyo wofiira: kuchulukitsa kowonjezera kwa polyphenols wa khungu la mphesa kumathandizira mphamvu ya antioxidant ya vinyo woyera wotengedwa. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49 (7), 3164-3168.
[22]Whitehead, T. P., Robinson, D., Allaway, S., Syms, J., & Hale, A. (1995). Zotsatira zakumwa kwa vinyo wofiira pa antioxidant mphamvu ya seramu. Clinical Chemistry, 41 (1), 32-35.
[2. 3]Pignatelli, P., Ghiselli, A., Buchetti, B., Carnevale, R., Natella, F., Germano, G., ... & Violi, F. (2006). Polyphenols synergistically amaletsa kupsyinjika kwa okosijeni m'mitu yopatsidwa vinyo wofiira ndi woyera. Altherosclerosis, 188 (1), 77-83.
[24]Fuhrman, B., Lavy, A., & Aviram, M. (1995). Kugwiritsa ntchito vinyo wofiira ndi zakudya kumachepetsa kupezeka kwa madzi am'magazi a anthu komanso kuchepa kwa lipoprotein ku lipid peroxidation. Magazini aku America azakudya zakuchipatala, 61 (3), 549-554.
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[26]Weisse, M. E., Eberly, B., & Munthu, D. A. (1995). Vinyo ngati chithandizo chothandizira kugaya: poyerekeza ma antimicrobial a bismuth salicylate ndi vinyo wofiira ndi woyera. BMj, 311 (7021), 1657-1660.
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[28]Daglia, M., Papetti, A., Grisoli, P., Aceti, C., Dacarro, C., & Gazzani, G. (2007). Ntchito ya antibacterial ya vinyo wofiira ndi yoyera motsutsana ndi streptococci yamlomo. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 55 (13), 5038-5042.